tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20324213081996275642024-03-27T16:52:42.404-07:00Stories and NarrativeRuben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.comBlogger469125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-51307519399604341612024-03-25T02:42:00.000-07:002024-03-25T02:59:04.825-07:00James Matthew Barrie<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">James
Matthew Barrie<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_JFOXDRvV-yq676JvdcragNHPclPo36EODbVg5PyA5movAy3UjTGcvdIqz2Czsz6xVE_T2F9rlydtjP-q_q6k5y9fO7eQrZN9gUBfdbQVGRrl6Oggz6GFNnFLC1fSai53hPgBmHMBrgKJVBFasAuaVUImJ7fF5VJSesfCSBM72RhrQQqLj1E0a2kuHkk/s445/barrie.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="445" data-original-width="420" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_JFOXDRvV-yq676JvdcragNHPclPo36EODbVg5PyA5movAy3UjTGcvdIqz2Czsz6xVE_T2F9rlydtjP-q_q6k5y9fO7eQrZN9gUBfdbQVGRrl6Oggz6GFNnFLC1fSai53hPgBmHMBrgKJVBFasAuaVUImJ7fF5VJSesfCSBM72RhrQQqLj1E0a2kuHkk/s320/barrie.jpg" width="302" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI5m188ydI9-zBjsNPgpoCgi8COk1EXoXn2KW7X34IGsrddcJUf7_swGoqqZ-oyjAX3CejIRbsZ51YnVUoj4csY_jRv_fY9UWYhYlxDMhd8DqWpSh4ZtjOv08L9TXX5RRtRCSfiswbcwlj06E_h6x1EgV6QX1uMRBCq1_66ycAsAKSwabUeEKG468IJe0/s659/peter%20pan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="659" data-original-width="465" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI5m188ydI9-zBjsNPgpoCgi8COk1EXoXn2KW7X34IGsrddcJUf7_swGoqqZ-oyjAX3CejIRbsZ51YnVUoj4csY_jRv_fY9UWYhYlxDMhd8DqWpSh4ZtjOv08L9TXX5RRtRCSfiswbcwlj06E_h6x1EgV6QX1uMRBCq1_66ycAsAKSwabUeEKG468IJe0/s320/peter%20pan.jpg" width="226" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">James
Matthew Barrie<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1zW6Bs8WqZ-nr-AM27w1GAj1QaikJrBZVpQt_p9-O8xLn-Gi-qN60I6PnlKe8IKpqRdsGm3Dd9TINeISdhUMAKA2abAh3qWkzOexq-SUxtIzO78Lr6tv_2eQttum2cHmGZsVrEH1KNVgrOUwGgcuPo321DbyJoRQv-yBKLmu9tZlsXwPhKJ2uFRPWV4Y/s1923/gettyimages-79021481-copy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1923" data-original-width="1923" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1zW6Bs8WqZ-nr-AM27w1GAj1QaikJrBZVpQt_p9-O8xLn-Gi-qN60I6PnlKe8IKpqRdsGm3Dd9TINeISdhUMAKA2abAh3qWkzOexq-SUxtIzO78Lr6tv_2eQttum2cHmGZsVrEH1KNVgrOUwGgcuPo321DbyJoRQv-yBKLmu9tZlsXwPhKJ2uFRPWV4Y/s320/gettyimages-79021481-copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg66fp_OIjtIT3NR4dIIsYuybFw_duXclBcPpZIK1EzRtusbYkqOCJf1g-oc5jSGH7Q9uBqhoTuCQJXP0T9jR9VGDAjKGJ2jubFYuZrRHNcvjRi99GXG3lAegYnYnDclgAJjA6qhMdSqE7yafdhP5JgrXX-H878jcuxMMRHU7IXLCmNGzN0LBil7Hcgn_U/s1390/sir-james-matthew-jm-barrie-1860-1937-scottish-dramatist-and-novelist-best-known-as-the-author-of-peter-pan-in-a-portrait-by-frederick-hollyer-2JTBKA2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="921" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg66fp_OIjtIT3NR4dIIsYuybFw_duXclBcPpZIK1EzRtusbYkqOCJf1g-oc5jSGH7Q9uBqhoTuCQJXP0T9jR9VGDAjKGJ2jubFYuZrRHNcvjRi99GXG3lAegYnYnDclgAJjA6qhMdSqE7yafdhP5JgrXX-H878jcuxMMRHU7IXLCmNGzN0LBil7Hcgn_U/s320/sir-james-matthew-jm-barrie-1860-1937-scottish-dramatist-and-novelist-best-known-as-the-author-of-peter-pan-in-a-portrait-by-frederick-hollyer-2JTBKA2.jpg" width="212" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_DaFyjaBpkr4ew1iGPHMly_42WZgYERvx2oRfIoNU12t-6bhzoKJ1ru16aZtUViezFrmZxkcJ5eqv6FV08Eh4a6zJa0lRpuS2vu0Xt0R7Vcx895roTMXX_5f52sXvBZ6kqJibyXvT-ONA9wGthatGW29eIA7CFKBgYSDoCg6aQ7H38ce2w8t9O9rcHnU/s398/34268.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="398" data-original-width="318" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_DaFyjaBpkr4ew1iGPHMly_42WZgYERvx2oRfIoNU12t-6bhzoKJ1ru16aZtUViezFrmZxkcJ5eqv6FV08Eh4a6zJa0lRpuS2vu0Xt0R7Vcx895roTMXX_5f52sXvBZ6kqJibyXvT-ONA9wGthatGW29eIA7CFKBgYSDoCg6aQ7H38ce2w8t9O9rcHnU/s320/34268.jpg" width="256" /></a></div><br /></span></div></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Born into
a family of low-income artisans, he had an unhappy childhood. The death of a
brother, when he was barely six years old, profoundly altered family life and
disrupted the mental health of his mother, who became an unbalanced,
authoritarian and inflexible person, whose influence and memory weighed on
James Barrie during the rest of his life. After becoming a famous writer, he
himself would confess many times that his deepest wish would have been to
recover the happy years of his early childhood, and that his most famous
character, Peter Pan, was a personification of such longings. .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After
studying at the University of Edinburgh and working for two years as a
journalist, he moved to London, attracted by the brilliance of its cultural
circles. In 1888 he successfully published The Idylls of Auld Licht, a series
of evocations of peasant life in his hometown. Shortly afterwards, in 1889, A
Window in Thrums nostalgically evoked that world again. In 1891 he had achieved
fame thanks to his novels The Little Minister (1891), Margaret Ogilvy (1896),
Sentimental Tommy (1896) and Tommy and Grizel (1900), delicate fusions of
sentimentalism and ironic realism situated in the tradition of Dickens. but
inspired by the texts of George Meredith, R. L. Stevenson and the great Russian
authors.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">To the
theater, however, Barrie gave his most authentic works from 1900 (The Admirable
Crichton, Street of the Great World). With him one of the most constant tones
of the English spirit appeared manifested in delicate nuances: nostalgic
melancholy in the form of "humour", perhaps the only original
sentiment of J. M. Barrie's theater, otherwise quite eclectic (it came from
both W. S. Gilbert and Oscar Wilde as George Bernard Shaw, Maurice Maeterlinck
and the Russians).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1894,
Barrie entered into an unhappy and early failed marriage to the actress Mary
Ansell. Shortly after, in 1897, he began an intense love relationship with
Sylvia Llewellyn Davies, a sentimental and affectionate woman with whose
children he formed a true family. It was to those children that he began to
tell various stories starring a character of his invention that symbolized the
eternal childhood in which he himself would have liked to live: Peter Pan.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTluA7hEMaddwGa5sIC1snIGclHsBLFQC8ghD1Wv0KlFVe24KUYx7T8q4GIz488wua50fN2s-RPTJFzaFs98osN4Idis0e7MpIokpvQs91DAaPx-WXvASvO5M50IuVCv7O-ZzKbS8UxKZN4cyywpNUQ8blgAq5rGJ2AiYnzuPoY847w4AStOpQA507xLo/s1300/peter-pan-and-wendy-by-james-matthew-barrie-captain-hook-and-peter-ERGWFJ.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="983" data-original-width="1300" height="242" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTluA7hEMaddwGa5sIC1snIGclHsBLFQC8ghD1Wv0KlFVe24KUYx7T8q4GIz488wua50fN2s-RPTJFzaFs98osN4Idis0e7MpIokpvQs91DAaPx-WXvASvO5M50IuVCv7O-ZzKbS8UxKZN4cyywpNUQ8blgAq5rGJ2AiYnzuPoY847w4AStOpQA507xLo/s320/peter-pan-and-wendy-by-james-matthew-barrie-captain-hook-and-peter-ERGWFJ.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFvdgro1Mt8UpIAlQLfchAGYL5jsUoVUTTbTuYZDjEhXLblMHoKqezvwBNvj3DGtPf4DkBGFVX7ADrNglJ718A5dGYDqlF4J_iCKUA12Nf4voCAoyWz5Jyr_DnO0_T1ZaOM1hdaPTqBoSKLp0ECGuab-e9J7CFapqNNhPAYN3aArKXcus3W7SfQX9wxXE/s222/images.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="222" data-original-width="167" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFvdgro1Mt8UpIAlQLfchAGYL5jsUoVUTTbTuYZDjEhXLblMHoKqezvwBNvj3DGtPf4DkBGFVX7ADrNglJ718A5dGYDqlF4J_iCKUA12Nf4voCAoyWz5Jyr_DnO0_T1ZaOM1hdaPTqBoSKLp0ECGuab-e9J7CFapqNNhPAYN3aArKXcus3W7SfQX9wxXE/s1600/images.jpg" width="167" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHpC8ehF_s24Wg7odera1CE3F1BBQ1fsw0VosFNBAmKQlGMooJiInKi4exaS17Frn7RSrhtXnUehqq3GshJdYInyK7i7l9gllCFmbTNrbLWCshys1aMDda0oU933FwHLrrrLcxqO_xJVeqGWhY8XdfnawMXBjFSVwOyjaZp1mxOw1jNTwP0Tlk3lsppmU/s220/images%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="148" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHpC8ehF_s24Wg7odera1CE3F1BBQ1fsw0VosFNBAmKQlGMooJiInKi4exaS17Frn7RSrhtXnUehqq3GshJdYInyK7i7l9gllCFmbTNrbLWCshys1aMDda0oU933FwHLrrrLcxqO_xJVeqGWhY8XdfnawMXBjFSVwOyjaZp1mxOw1jNTwP0Tlk3lsppmU/s1600/images%20(1).jpg" width="148" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWegeVLvSAPNFTVwEyUXALd1sc0xZ2O_H4XsxxbN_T5LrmE-ZMkcP8_EftWU7e2xgj41Yxlw4oatDU0yWEftdGIVGet1lzeMFV69NUatbJIdVbj50dw-DMCLTQfDwBuvrzsRuqsBQFMGK8PvZkEo1asUduL3UEdmhsoDhC6FMX4Ubfbu2NkD9IR7muCvU/s1024/5498637.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="658" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWegeVLvSAPNFTVwEyUXALd1sc0xZ2O_H4XsxxbN_T5LrmE-ZMkcP8_EftWU7e2xgj41Yxlw4oatDU0yWEftdGIVGet1lzeMFV69NUatbJIdVbj50dw-DMCLTQfDwBuvrzsRuqsBQFMGK8PvZkEo1asUduL3UEdmhsoDhC6FMX4Ubfbu2NkD9IR7muCvU/s320/5498637.jpg" width="206" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Some of
those stories were published in 1902 in a volume titled The Little White Bird.
Shortly after, in 1904, the comedy Peter Pan, the boy who never wanted to grow
up, was released. Later, Barrie would publish Peter Pan in Kensington Park
(1906) and Peter and Wendy (1911).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
success of his character and his adventures was instantaneous. Peter Pan and
his adventure companions (little Wendy, John, Michael, the dog Nana, the fairy
Tinker Bell, and the terrible Captain Hook) were adopted as heroes by many generations
of children. everyone, familiar with his adventures through all kinds of
translations and adaptations, some of them as celebrated as Herbert Brenon's
film versions or Walt Disney's, in cartoons.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
character of Peter Pan provided Barrie with extraordinary celebrity; but his
personal life was very often accompanied by misfortunes and misfortunes. In
1910 his marriage ended in divorce, and just four months later his partner
Sylvia Davies, who had meanwhile been widowed, died; In addition, two of his
lover's children, whom Barrie watched over as if he were a father, also died.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After the
divorce, the vague legend was formed around the writer that presented him as an
aged and sweetly disillusioned Peter Pan, with something of a wise man and a
gnome, always with the taciturn pipe, carried by reality to a modest and gray
peace. J. M. Barrie enjoyed a peaceful old age abundant in friendships and
honors; but his dream world was transformed, until Dear Brutus (1917) and Mary
Rose (1920), into another spectral and sad one, populated by impotent and
painful ghosts, inhabitants of an arid, soulless and cruel reality.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">How to
cite this article:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Fernández, Tomás and Tamaro, Elena. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«Biography
of James Matthew Barrie». In Biographies and Lives. The online biographical
encyclopedia [Internet]. Barcelona, Spain, 2004. Available at
https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/b/barrie.htm [access date: March 23,
2024].<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW_n7Me6jFAofbNVowvvLoKIRsS-z9ZwpaKHC_yhgObTM_1NJ7vGx_-UGv-IYoTjs6Ali4Ivd2LRwK9D1UgEHf9QYT1iAizi9MNNxRxDQjFHqjDmcoOWrz_cV8AgzCatDDfZxYBXnimlpv05Q8hkyfSygRz9I90YboCGPLNHSDKLW6UV-BNe0zcsWckY8/s268/images%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="188" data-original-width="268" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW_n7Me6jFAofbNVowvvLoKIRsS-z9ZwpaKHC_yhgObTM_1NJ7vGx_-UGv-IYoTjs6Ali4Ivd2LRwK9D1UgEHf9QYT1iAizi9MNNxRxDQjFHqjDmcoOWrz_cV8AgzCatDDfZxYBXnimlpv05Q8hkyfSygRz9I90YboCGPLNHSDKLW6UV-BNe0zcsWckY8/s1600/images%20(2).jpg" width="268" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-85197032382019983172024-03-21T01:19:00.000-07:002024-03-21T01:19:37.637-07:00Morris West<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Morris
West<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhaFCre_KOtmlbLgwTTHewhdf1VzHuJ3B2ne5vVnqm2S5wuey2BiyvqFGp8_joO70i82BIkOGPFNZXmOLATrT20ou8yGDHgPIV0re8WE_GI6w1S0nP7MtGFK7DENWKJF-0N58bhrNZbF0y1lvZuARxuygswjxAqm7dBDIcpBmGIQq7MP5CsUTxMnnw0Fw/s225/Morris%20West.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhaFCre_KOtmlbLgwTTHewhdf1VzHuJ3B2ne5vVnqm2S5wuey2BiyvqFGp8_joO70i82BIkOGPFNZXmOLATrT20ou8yGDHgPIV0re8WE_GI6w1S0nP7MtGFK7DENWKJF-0N58bhrNZbF0y1lvZuARxuygswjxAqm7dBDIcpBmGIQq7MP5CsUTxMnnw0Fw/s1600/Morris%20West.jpg" width="225" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuyONs4m6o3x2o-jsdzuIm8KTXVIkOaQeqvaMuYOzCrEDNqNPbWIRF_N_BuKTIL-Qo1bIC_ssk3tCBjMju9Y-57N8REAjI5Rm5B5Z2LmpTpa3EIoZ6XxrDTAQuhcoXXCmbwm6TCCznuWGdolmoEERw98PsqZMaMmkIrGhkQlAGVAct61sexAEzT9dReTw/s1030/25861f_6b5044d83b184937a809e96200fa8e7b~mv2_d_2320_1664_s_2.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="990" data-original-width="1030" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuyONs4m6o3x2o-jsdzuIm8KTXVIkOaQeqvaMuYOzCrEDNqNPbWIRF_N_BuKTIL-Qo1bIC_ssk3tCBjMju9Y-57N8REAjI5Rm5B5Z2LmpTpa3EIoZ6XxrDTAQuhcoXXCmbwm6TCCznuWGdolmoEERw98PsqZMaMmkIrGhkQlAGVAct61sexAEzT9dReTw/s320/25861f_6b5044d83b184937a809e96200fa8e7b~mv2_d_2320_1664_s_2.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Morris Langlo West AO (26 April 1916 – 9
October 1999) was an Australian novelist and playwright, best known for his
novels The Devil's Advocate (1959), The Shoes of the Fisherman (1963) and The
Clowns of God (1981). His books were published in 27 languages and sold more
than 60 million copies worldwide. Each new book he wrote after he became an
established writer sold more than one million copies.[1]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West's works were often focused on
international politics and the role of the Roman Catholic Church in international
affairs. In The Shoes of the Fisherman he described the election and career of
a Slav as Pope, 15 years before the historic election of Karol Wojtyła as Pope
John Paul II. The sequel, The Clowns of God, described a successor Pope who
resigned the papacy to live in seclusion, 32 years before the abdication of
Pope Benedict XVI in 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Early life</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West was born in St Kilda, Victoria, the
son of a commercial salesman. Due to the large size of his family, he was sent
to live with his grandparents. He attended the Christian Brothers College, St
Kilda where he was awarded the prize of Dux by Archbishop Daniel Mannix in
1929.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">At the age of 14, West entered the
Congregation of Christian Brothers community at St Patricks in Strathfield,
Sydney, "as a kind of refuge" from a difficult childhood.[2]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">In 1934 he began teaching at St Thomas's
Primary School, Lewisham, living in that community until 1936. He taught at
schools in Tasmania and New South Wales between 1937 and 1939, while also
studying at the University of Tasmania.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">He left the Christian Brothers order in
1940. He worked as a salesman and a teacher.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>War service</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghaf6eJP2WjfoIGt5tv_avd9CmjGAXj-k_ROrytdEkt-JgZ_KFgX3Mna881ySdSs5JFhUhK3laPxyrNwY4uNdqMGPHSeLbfugk18gEvX8D9uaTrhfg8iWrbIw0I8YYv5r2lSV7HwLV-j4wGmUuI7haazKBFgb_JN8eWibSQlB8jHMGhaNijXUT_Wdiv3Q/s275/images%20(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="183" data-original-width="275" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghaf6eJP2WjfoIGt5tv_avd9CmjGAXj-k_ROrytdEkt-JgZ_KFgX3Mna881ySdSs5JFhUhK3laPxyrNwY4uNdqMGPHSeLbfugk18gEvX8D9uaTrhfg8iWrbIw0I8YYv5r2lSV7HwLV-j4wGmUuI7haazKBFgb_JN8eWibSQlB8jHMGhaNijXUT_Wdiv3Q/s1600/images%20(1).jpg" width="275" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">In April 1941, West enlisted in the Royal
Australian Air Force. He was commissioned as a lieutenant and worked as a
cipher officer, being eventually posted to Gladesville, New South Wales, in
1944. He was seconded from the RAAF to work for Billy Hughes, former Australian
prime minister, for a time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">His first published novel, Moon in My
Pocket, came out in 1945 using the pseudonym "Julian Morris". He
wrote it while in the air force. It was published by the Australasian
Publishing Company, a branch of Harrap's Publishing Company in London, and sold
more than 10,000 copies.[3][4]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Radio produce</b>r<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcGgb8JGFMIE5pl29_TnhlDxPLRMwpLtQ6k9efTdD0pI-QbN-PYrB67m4pfV_i2FECVa1obuPADWOZUmZHryZTQ5wdpXNfV7oHJ3_Ul01aRYkMy13KzMVDS2uPn56H_tnBNT9FYv5Vi6TA3CDe4kIKKK77lkz3wOKZKpQYgV781C3xqtH_UmsF5LFyup4/s654/3791141.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="424" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcGgb8JGFMIE5pl29_TnhlDxPLRMwpLtQ6k9efTdD0pI-QbN-PYrB67m4pfV_i2FECVa1obuPADWOZUmZHryZTQ5wdpXNfV7oHJ3_Ul01aRYkMy13KzMVDS2uPn56H_tnBNT9FYv5Vi6TA3CDe4kIKKK77lkz3wOKZKpQYgV781C3xqtH_UmsF5LFyup4/s320/3791141.jpg" width="207" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West worked as publicity manager at
Melbourne radio station 3DB. He moved into radio drama, setting up his own
radio production company ARP, which operated from 1945 to 1954. For the next 10
years he focused on writing, directing and producing radio plays and serials.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">His radio plays included The Mask of Marius
Melville (1945), The Curtain Rises (1946),[5] The Affairs of Harlequin (1951),
The Prince of Peace (c. 1951), When a Girl Marries (1952),[6] The Enchanted
Island (1952), Trumpets in the Dawn (c. 1953–54) and Genesis in Juddsville (c.
1955–56).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The workload of his job and a crisis in his
marital relations led to West having a nervous breakdown. He ultimately sold
his company to focus on writing full-time.[7]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Novelist</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Early works</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West's first novel published under his own
name was Gallows on the Sand (1955), written in seven days.</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhffrL5rfQqYNFtqvASYBwh_sbi7S1Ke4vnXN1JqFVAeDXxAKl8zUNxDOtS7yMsqJ2tSHpXbalV27BM1zRHpkoNwSQaQryHU786jg22hKNlP9Ptdq9g-1SjRIkt3LeftuJM12arNQbNX4PBOaNkKxou0L2uZI3iySewYHEZWbODMWXr4bg1F9QAhK4B7VQ/s640/259726.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="404" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhffrL5rfQqYNFtqvASYBwh_sbi7S1Ke4vnXN1JqFVAeDXxAKl8zUNxDOtS7yMsqJ2tSHpXbalV27BM1zRHpkoNwSQaQryHU786jg22hKNlP9Ptdq9g-1SjRIkt3LeftuJM12arNQbNX4PBOaNkKxou0L2uZI3iySewYHEZWbODMWXr4bg1F9QAhK4B7VQ/s320/259726.jpg" width="202" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"> He followed it with
Kundu (1956), a New Guinea adventure written in three weeks.</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOG8dJafnNnLn1dGTgr96eRTGHu6hDVEvkEq5oaTl66Gz3aKPb0HtKqz2sStLZB7Vn4ipkFMbgEG1JRXRtMPjFojVo5l2px1rzZUs48My4DCIzsqSkdZiROe7nhttPZVtCTtJ5MudTou6wbbkfq3qb9n6O-6aJHoidglEqza9SmKvHyLsQw0sqJH_QjFo/s499/56975.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOG8dJafnNnLn1dGTgr96eRTGHu6hDVEvkEq5oaTl66Gz3aKPb0HtKqz2sStLZB7Vn4ipkFMbgEG1JRXRtMPjFojVo5l2px1rzZUs48My4DCIzsqSkdZiROe7nhttPZVtCTtJ5MudTou6wbbkfq3qb9n6O-6aJHoidglEqza9SmKvHyLsQw0sqJH_QjFo/s320/56975.jpg" width="192" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">[7] He also wrote a
play, The Illusionists (1955).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West moved to Europe with his family. His
third novel was The Big Story (1957), which was later filmed as The Crooked
Road (1965).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">A trip to Naples led to meeting Father
Bo</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">rrelli who worked with the street boys of Naples. This resulted in the
non-fiction book Children of the Sun (1957) which was West's first
international success.[7][8] According to a later profile on the author:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">With this work, West not only found his way
as a writer but discovered the theme that would underpin almost all of his
subsequent books — the nature and misuse of power. Of the 18 novels he was to
write post-1957, 15 are on this subject. This discovery was particularly
felicitous for West because, it suited his talents admirably. An interesting
comparison may be made with David Williamson, another writer from whom profound
thinking and significant insights are not to be expected. What they have in
common is a keen eye for the real world around them. By fleshing out the
partially familiar, they make perceptive sense of it, demonstrating in the
process that the general uneasiness and suspicion ordinary people feel about
many aspects of contemporary life are well-founded. West was to show that he
could identify these concerns with considerable acuity.[9]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">He wrote The Second Victory (1958) (also
known as Backlash and later filmed) and under the pseudonym "Michael
East" wrote McCreary Moves In (1958) aka The Concubine.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Best-selling novelist</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West's first best-selling novel was The
Devil's Advocate (1959) </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmuWKTfl9zyKjCwkR-lr7fYPo1GgoCGSt9dBw3fCUlesnLi2CULdYDf1QJh6mvcdw9HWcA2uaisutpnyuPB7YU5xHx0gF-naQAC5ZXVmTB6HyBjL7KBNnBEbXKSdGoEP6ASyt4eSK4kkSShQmONngbh1Ap8V6THyJc6vfmXpYu3Kbzf5cz3gUSTT3nZbU/s400/%7B08519D80-E445-4D77-B321-03A649298A0C%7DImg400.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmuWKTfl9zyKjCwkR-lr7fYPo1GgoCGSt9dBw3fCUlesnLi2CULdYDf1QJh6mvcdw9HWcA2uaisutpnyuPB7YU5xHx0gF-naQAC5ZXVmTB6HyBjL7KBNnBEbXKSdGoEP6ASyt4eSK4kkSShQmONngbh1Ap8V6THyJc6vfmXpYu3Kbzf5cz3gUSTT3nZbU/s320/%7B08519D80-E445-4D77-B321-03A649298A0C%7DImg400.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">which he spent two years writing.[10] He sold the film
rights for $250,000 and it was adapted into a play and later a film.[7] West
later said the novel earned him several million dollars.[8]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">He wrote another "Michael East"
novel, The Naked Country (1960), which was filmed in the 1980s. Daughter of
Silence (1961) was also adapted into a play.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">During this time he was the Vatican
correspondent for the Daily Mail from 1956 to 1963.[11] His son, C. Chris
O'Hanlon, said that he spent his first 12 birthdays in 12 different
countries.[12]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Shoes of the Fisherman (1963) was a
huge success, selling over six million copies and made into a movie.[13]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGVUEjK0SI2BxzxhkFdQl2vTqwNM_cvACpf1uKqCtCwg1KOTxS0LKEULzKp7GsvwQsxA9okyu7DW9kqqSe63IG8gfkkDgx0ZVXBcZypM8T6ex1m4ZDDYxcEmS8hkxuIq_yQbvCvas6uoXhJkYtKL9ryF4fgNAYfW1jznTj5U0LY3TTWqvLW8S9Z_LPFSc/s768/shoesoffisherman0000morr_d0k8_0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="472" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgGVUEjK0SI2BxzxhkFdQl2vTqwNM_cvACpf1uKqCtCwg1KOTxS0LKEULzKp7GsvwQsxA9okyu7DW9kqqSe63IG8gfkkDgx0ZVXBcZypM8T6ex1m4ZDDYxcEmS8hkxuIq_yQbvCvas6uoXhJkYtKL9ryF4fgNAYfW1jznTj5U0LY3TTWqvLW8S9Z_LPFSc/s320/shoesoffisherman0000morr_d0k8_0001.jpg" width="197" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">He followed it with The Ambassador (1965),
The Tower of Babel (1968), Summer of the Red Wolf (1971)[14] and The Salamander
(1973).</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj21_bAxUeRvwVruTjk2SWHwDt2ik1cEHts2VOy78HCF-j09R3RPiEOPGVEEhXbLb3Jr8yc6e1FU0NapvFSPn5tAHhJM0zP_ji2jqcp5HildOOJwx-acEv73Nzzx90K1xL7qfM-q9sdu9ju3ORmVw5znqZzVKovys7-DrfgmyrKs0IwaWWX3GmPC808Q2I/s761/bwb_KR-643-031_0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="761" data-original-width="486" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj21_bAxUeRvwVruTjk2SWHwDt2ik1cEHts2VOy78HCF-j09R3RPiEOPGVEEhXbLb3Jr8yc6e1FU0NapvFSPn5tAHhJM0zP_ji2jqcp5HildOOJwx-acEv73Nzzx90K1xL7qfM-q9sdu9ju3ORmVw5znqZzVKovys7-DrfgmyrKs0IwaWWX3GmPC808Q2I/s320/bwb_KR-643-031_0001.jpg" width="204" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"> He wrote a non-fiction book, Scandal in the Assembly: </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF8KEu2zCMrSK4zKTLQsuTzmT4PnGoJCkMClH-0ekGJuQkeydSp7QSg9laEgTtB7ATW0cWlJwZEd1z5YCI4BCpJw49cgdY1VJ2Uqh4zRYz8SRQvOO8jfiTO1F9FJ3YhZUDWBgAptJGYhJ_9kDY0BtuAvezTTuT4d8SJGfU1v3RyrWBZXuY82bsl4xpJFg/s533/9781760297756.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="345" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF8KEu2zCMrSK4zKTLQsuTzmT4PnGoJCkMClH-0ekGJuQkeydSp7QSg9laEgTtB7ATW0cWlJwZEd1z5YCI4BCpJw49cgdY1VJ2Uqh4zRYz8SRQvOO8jfiTO1F9FJ3YhZUDWBgAptJGYhJ_9kDY0BtuAvezTTuT4d8SJGfU1v3RyrWBZXuY82bsl4xpJFg/s320/9781760297756.jpg" width="207" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">A Bill of
Complaints and a Proposal for Reform of the Matrimonial Laws and Tribunals of
the Roman Catholic Church (1970, with Robert Francis).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">He wrote a play The Heretic, based on
Giordano Bruno, which was performed on the London stage in 1973. Further novels
included Harlequin (1974), The Navigator (1976),[15] Proteus (1979) and The
Clowns of God (1981).[16] In 1978 he was living in England, New York and Italy
and said "I'm an Australian by origin, by identity, in manners. I have
never felt any destruction or diminution of my identity by having a European
education, or by acquiring a fluency in three languages and living abroad."[17]
His advance of Clowns of God was £100,000.[18] By 1981 his books had sold over
25 million copies.[19]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West wrote the play The World is Made of
Glass in 1982 for the Adelaide Festival. He turned this into a novel which was
published the following year.[7]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Return to Australia</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">In 1982 West returned home to Australia.
His later novels include Cassidy (1986) (which became a mini series),
Masterclass (1988), Lazarus (1990), The Ringmaster (1991), and The Lovers
(1993).[20]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">In 1993, West announced that he had written
his last book and a formal valedictory dinner was held in his honour. However,
he found he could not retire as he had planned and wrote a further three novels
and two non-fiction books: Vanishing Point (1996) and Eminence (1998), plus an
anthology entitled Images and Inscriptions (1997) and his memoir A View from
the Ridge: The Testimony of a Twentieth-century Pilgrim (1996).[21][22]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">He was working on the novel The Last
Confession when he died; it was posthumously published in 2000.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Writing</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">A major theme of much of West's work was a
question: when so many organisations use extreme violence towards evil ends,
when and under what circumstances is it morally acceptable for their opponents
to respond with violence? He stated on different occasions that his novels all
deal with the same aspect of life, that is, the dilemma when sooner or later
you have a situation such that nobody can tell you what to do.[23]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West wrote with little revision. His first
longhand version was usually not very different from the final printed
version.[22] Despite winning many prizes and being awarded honorary
doctorates,[24] his commercial success and his skills as a story teller, he
never won the acceptance of Australia's literary clique. In the 1998 Oxford
Literary History of Australia it was stated that: "Despite his
international popularity, West has been surprisingly neglected by Australian
literary critics." The previous edition, edited by Dame Leonie Kramer, did
not mention him at all.[1]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West was awarded the 1959 James Tait Black
Memorial Prize for The Devil's Advocate. In the early 1960s, he helped found
the Australian Society of Authors.[1] He presented the 1986 Playford
Lecture.[23]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Personal life</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West was born on 26 April 1916, in St
Kilda. He and his first wife, Elizabeth Harvey, had two children: Elizabeth,
who became a nun, and Julian who was a wine-maker before his death in 2005.
Julian and his wife Helen Grimaux, had a daughter named Juliana Harriett West.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West and Elizabeth Harvey divorced, and
West then married Joyce "Joy" Lawford. Since his first wife,
Elizabeth, was still alive when he married Joy, he struggled for a church
annulment of his first marriage. He was out of communion with the Roman
Catholic Church for many years because of this marital situation, and he had
significant issues with the church's teachings. However, he never considered
himself as anything other than a committed Catholic. Joy West said that he was
a believer who attended Mass every Sunday.[22]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West and Joy had four children together.
One son, C. Chris O'Hanlon, born in 1954, changed his name at the age of 26 as
a gesture of independence. After starting four books in an attempt to realise
what he believed were his father's expectations, and having to give back the
advances he received from publishers when he could not finish them, he realised
that he was not destined to be a writer. O'Hanlon, who suffers from a severe
bipolar disorder, founded Spike Wireless, an internet design house.[12]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Another of West's sons, Mike, is a musician
who fronted the UK independent popular music band Man from Delmonte during the
late 1980s and early 1990s and has released several solo albums of New Orleans
country music, especially being well known with the international touring act
Truckstop Honeymoon.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West's grandson Anthony (Ant) West is also
a musician, who fronted the UK music band Futures and currently is in the UK
group Oh Wonder.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West died at the age of 83 on 9 October
1999 in Clareville, New South Wales.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Honours</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West was appointed a Member of the Order of
Australia in the Australia Day Honours of 1985.[25] He was upgraded to Officer
of the Order in the Queen's Birthday Honours of 1997.[26]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Bibliography</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Fiction<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Moon in My Pocket (1945, using the
pseudonym "Julian Morris")<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Gallows on the Sand (1956)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Kundu (1956)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Big Story (1957; aka The Crooked Road)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Second Victory (1958; aka Backlash)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">McCreary Moves In (1958, using the
pseudonym "Michael East"; aka The Concubine)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Devil's Advocate (1959)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Naked Country (1960, using the
pseudonym "Michael East")<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Daughter of Silence (1961)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Shoes of the Fisherman (1963)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Ambassador (1965)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Tower of Babel (1968)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Summer of the Red Wolf (1971)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Salamander (1973)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Harlequin (1974; aka The Duel of Death)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Navigator (1976)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Proteus (1979)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Clowns of God (1981)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The World Is Made of Glass (1983)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWCRjnuW8KiTW1VLSw97cCtRDW_QN__scWz7arutYyZPMGuDuUBR8WPJ3Nzvnt-UaycBiOdE7CedtelVilEruJUTKnQIBgxB6xg8__FJYQ1wTBz_n9BfoS7j2hP9qX_TJ16d8VkVGWQV15dvLiBjMWTedteTvYBCcdT4ncgNQCNzKUPvxxhGaHmyeYffA/s640/257042.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="408" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWCRjnuW8KiTW1VLSw97cCtRDW_QN__scWz7arutYyZPMGuDuUBR8WPJ3Nzvnt-UaycBiOdE7CedtelVilEruJUTKnQIBgxB6xg8__FJYQ1wTBz_n9BfoS7j2hP9qX_TJ16d8VkVGWQV15dvLiBjMWTedteTvYBCcdT4ncgNQCNzKUPvxxhGaHmyeYffA/s320/257042.jpg" width="204" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Cassidy (1986)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Masterclass (1988)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Lazarus (1990)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Ringmaster (1991)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Lovers (1993)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Vanishing Point (1996)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Eminence (1998)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Last Confession (2000, posthumously
published)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidQ9u3Ev-ejHj5NWAcxfANFkXIpmZ-Rq0z_E3qsPZzdjQpR6-q9vZZnXhLEhol9lmZIccXV_-veKWzV9vuAl7PyTLtptyiO0q2s6vA5j1MW4S8DnCXAIgckMKspr7oWrgzxLXJkZD8yJlycV3NdArQlh8drTOqNqTTJ2QiiZabTxtFoWhyphenhyphenaA2Wq4A8j3o/s1000/71a9k5lgppL._AC_UF1000,1000_QL80_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="666" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidQ9u3Ev-ejHj5NWAcxfANFkXIpmZ-Rq0z_E3qsPZzdjQpR6-q9vZZnXhLEhol9lmZIccXV_-veKWzV9vuAl7PyTLtptyiO0q2s6vA5j1MW4S8DnCXAIgckMKspr7oWrgzxLXJkZD8yJlycV3NdArQlh8drTOqNqTTJ2QiiZabTxtFoWhyphenhyphenaA2Wq4A8j3o/s320/71a9k5lgppL._AC_UF1000,1000_QL80_.jpg" width="213" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJT1bMLVGTNrXyFWI321yIXgsV-DeDXem4ay_nnE0mM26bdKMzg8xJUd50WNY3K1nnJHJwUcIwcETI-X3g_q5zcxxDUEZXvxkBjAnwrjQkWT04kGsCe2JQ9AHggVNSRFsQEEn8xSdOcIy69lpGHsHGD-5Bq06d0b19sDCgMn21mNqsejeptHCZhyphenhyphenNIo4k/s1852/the-clowns-of-god-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1852" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJT1bMLVGTNrXyFWI321yIXgsV-DeDXem4ay_nnE0mM26bdKMzg8xJUd50WNY3K1nnJHJwUcIwcETI-X3g_q5zcxxDUEZXvxkBjAnwrjQkWT04kGsCe2JQ9AHggVNSRFsQEEn8xSdOcIy69lpGHsHGD-5Bq06d0b19sDCgMn21mNqsejeptHCZhyphenhyphenNIo4k/s320/the-clowns-of-god-1.jpg" width="207" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJkEfwwVyjvgau25vmL0_Ih-Hts6JMrA0oYBETDCbcW-byAkoiVchUmTFZ6CkKE0ftk6oPNXc9udTwJLt0nhyphenhyphenVEvZ_OnLlagqdJBGmunmteKqTXcgjAuN9OiI9nk_jC14f6ubNYeOWlSu-13jfFBFq_298Ndl0GuTIkMyxN3cVIBrZXJHBpezesHH9t-0/s1200/s-l1200.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="675" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJkEfwwVyjvgau25vmL0_Ih-Hts6JMrA0oYBETDCbcW-byAkoiVchUmTFZ6CkKE0ftk6oPNXc9udTwJLt0nhyphenhyphenVEvZ_OnLlagqdJBGmunmteKqTXcgjAuN9OiI9nk_jC14f6ubNYeOWlSu-13jfFBFq_298Ndl0GuTIkMyxN3cVIBrZXJHBpezesHH9t-0/s320/s-l1200.webp" width="180" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Radio serials</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Mask of Marius Melville (1945)[27]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Prince of Peace (c1951)[28]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Trumpets in the Dawn (c1953–54)[28]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Genesis in Juddsville (c1955–56)[29]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Radio dramas<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">episode of Deadline<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Plays<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Illusionists (1955)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Devil's Advocate (1961)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Daughter of Silence (1962)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Heretic (1969)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The World is Made of Glass (1982)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Non-fiction<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Children of the Sun: The Slum Dwellers of
Naples (1957) (US title: Children of the Shadows: The True Story of the Street
Urchins of Naples)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Scandal in the Assembly: A Bill of
Complaints and a Proposal for Reform of the Matrimonial Laws and Tribunals of
the Roman Catholic Church (1970, with Robert Francis)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West, Morris (1996). A View from the Ridge:
The Testimony of a Twentieth-century Pilgrim. Sydney: HarperCollins. ISBN
0-7322-5757-3.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">West, Morris (1997). Images &
Inscriptions. Selected and arranged by Beryl Barraclough. Sydney:
HarperCollins. ISBN 0-7322-5827-8.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><b>Film adaptations</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Crooked Road (based on The Big Story)
(1965) starring Robert Ryan<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Shoes of the Fisherman (1968) starring
Anthony Quinn<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Devil's Advocate (1977) starring John
Mills, Daniel Massey, Paola Pitagora and Stéphane Audran<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Salamander (1981)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Naked Country (1984)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">The Second Victory (1986)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Cassidy (1989)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDXB3rg5AopL9YnQjntnmJaFAjC5r_dgNjoGeIJ81qydBdddpVNA3PLcbI-tki1mkZ9JyDRUSzPzXThiRmUhIM3Ncmac2HBESZO3bvetOP9BSRk8xTrTsX3E6NleA6wHY5Bi-CfgR7MmLGUB-2kpNuM2i1-24kI6hY5exnPZOo6_lTwpVVM3ON-VWcXYo/s264/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="264" data-original-width="191" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDXB3rg5AopL9YnQjntnmJaFAjC5r_dgNjoGeIJ81qydBdddpVNA3PLcbI-tki1mkZ9JyDRUSzPzXThiRmUhIM3Ncmac2HBESZO3bvetOP9BSRk8xTrTsX3E6NleA6wHY5Bi-CfgR7MmLGUB-2kpNuM2i1-24kI6hY5exnPZOo6_lTwpVVM3ON-VWcXYo/s1600/images.jpg" width="191" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidd4_BSFCk60VbYw2C8fXcNMD1YxxCMCdtVDnr_zOoVGgEOPjQISdiPx8nSvvx5P5QMGqIipGtKfeOSu2Kth_73BSi7mgIXwUjPX_2qhEZRWeqQfw_CrVMR7hwVcwXGQdu6Jn341ZUAfPt67PDWLULejb3IjzoIwChGCoYLTtyHuLbczLbDAHORPwN3ow/s1406/998d02d4dfbf5fcd29b2f7b471b6d610_XL.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1406" data-original-width="900" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidd4_BSFCk60VbYw2C8fXcNMD1YxxCMCdtVDnr_zOoVGgEOPjQISdiPx8nSvvx5P5QMGqIipGtKfeOSu2Kth_73BSi7mgIXwUjPX_2qhEZRWeqQfw_CrVMR7hwVcwXGQdu6Jn341ZUAfPt67PDWLULejb3IjzoIwChGCoYLTtyHuLbczLbDAHORPwN3ow/s320/998d02d4dfbf5fcd29b2f7b471b6d610_XL.webp" width="205" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">With affection<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-34707287616269572052024-03-12T03:20:00.000-07:002024-03-14T01:06:16.356-07:00Story :The pin<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">The
pin<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMdGpIwnbLdZx4fz3BDPehLq4EcgFristI0Cyg20kvu52Mshjv8pd_fow1O2bXK9TT3uQ86Mls44B1CdSykyCprB2Mw9F6qCr8-GpoPSHqibYzGQ_PxKblq6sixgzMCRlYGtiwrtwtaSQcJ3VkXKKZMIlnY4ygoWOzQFvEbgEqWs6XQKfhDGmcgPQgd8U/s373/15-cuentos-peruanos-373x222.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="222" data-original-width="373" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMdGpIwnbLdZx4fz3BDPehLq4EcgFristI0Cyg20kvu52Mshjv8pd_fow1O2bXK9TT3uQ86Mls44B1CdSykyCprB2Mw9F6qCr8-GpoPSHqibYzGQ_PxKblq6sixgzMCRlYGtiwrtwtaSQcJ3VkXKKZMIlnY4ygoWOzQFvEbgEqWs6XQKfhDGmcgPQgd8U/s320/15-cuentos-peruanos-373x222.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Ventura
Garcia Calderon<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglS52OQ5JDCnyygn3oNsxiysDRv4UIjploSL0kHRxbJu9eMPmV3SB4dErVAkxYHsqXJERxjo_qgzIW8L5cnMSyAt3GERzU3a0cRyLWL8YGC3jijWhRhyEm-o1Dk0HQ6OuUo6dU4OBnPAWQz1iK5pmw-5qq1-GwSx4fBb6EwKDo7Rx_lxak5-111SfPU8U/s480/esta.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="480" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglS52OQ5JDCnyygn3oNsxiysDRv4UIjploSL0kHRxbJu9eMPmV3SB4dErVAkxYHsqXJERxjo_qgzIW8L5cnMSyAt3GERzU3a0cRyLWL8YGC3jijWhRhyEm-o1Dk0HQ6OuUo6dU4OBnPAWQz1iK5pmw-5qq1-GwSx4fBb6EwKDo7Rx_lxak5-111SfPU8U/s320/esta.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The beast fell on its face, dying, oozing sweat and blood,
while the rider, in a flash, jumped to the ground at the foot of the monumental
staircase of the Ticabamba hacienda. From the obese cedar balcony the dark head
of the landowner Don Timoteo Mondaraz appeared, questioning the trembling
newcomer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The tremendous old man's sochanter's voice was mocking:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—What's wrong with you, Borradito? You're getting banged around...
If we don't eat people here. Speak, no more...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">El Borradito, called that in the valley because of his
pockmarked face, grabbed the jipijapa hat with a desperate hand and wanted to
explain so many things at once—the sudden misfortune, his twenty-league night
gallop, the order to arrive in a few hours. , even if the beast burst on the
way—, who was silent for a minute. Suddenly, without breathing, he exhaled his
naive refrain:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Well, I'll tell my friend that the boy Conrado told me to
tell him that last night the Grimanesa girl caught and died.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If Don Timoteo did not take out his revolver, as always when
he was moved, it was, without a doubt, by special command of Providence; but he
squeezed the servant's arm, wanting to extract a thousand details from him.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Last night?... Is she dead?... Grimanesa?... Perhaps she
noticed something in the dark explanations of the Borradito, then, without
saying a word, praying that they would not wake up her daughter, "the girl
Ana María" , he went down himself to saddle his best "gait
horse."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Moments later he galloped to the ranch of his son-in-law
Conrado Basadre, whom last year he married Grimanesa, the pretty, pale
horsewoman, the best catch in the entire valley. Those weddings were a
celebration like no other, with its Bengal fires, its dancing Indian women in
purple nightgowns, its Indian women who still mourn the death of the Incas,
which occurred in remote centuries; but revived in the dirge of the humiliated
race, like the songs of Zion in the sublime stubbornness of the Bible. Then,
along the best fields of crops, the procession of saints had wandered very
ancient, which displayed the stuffed heads of savages in the crimson hairy
ring. And the very happy marriage of a pretty girl with the nice and arrogant Conrado
Basadre ended like this... Clapper!...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Driving his Nazarene spurs, Don Timoteo thought, terrified, of
that tragic celebration. He wanted to reach Sincavüca, the old Basadre fiefdom,
in four hours.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the late afternoon another resonant and laborious gallop
was heard over the boulders of the mountain. Out of caution, the old man shot
into the air, shouting:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">-Who lives ?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He checked the race of the next rider, and with a voice that
poorly concealed his anguish, he shouted in turn:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">-Friend! It's me, don't you know me? The administrator of
Sincavilca. I'm going to look for the priest for the funeral.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The landowner was so disturbed that he did not ask why there
was such a rush to call the priest if Grimanesa was dead and why the chaplain
was not at the farm. He waved goodbye and encouraged his horse, which he
started galloping with its flank full of blood.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">From the immense gate that closed the patio of the hacienda,
that silence was distressing. Even the dogs, silent, sniffed out death. In the
colonial house, the large silver-studded doors already displayed cross-shaped
crepes. Don Timoteo crossed the large deserted halls, without removing his
Nazarene spurs, until he reached the dead woman's bedroom, where Conrado
Basadre was sobbing. With a voice clouded by tears, the old man begged his
son-in-law to leave him alone for a moment. And when he had closed the door
with his hands, he roared in pain for hours, insulting the saints, calling
Grimanesa by her name, kissing the inanimate hand, which fell again on the
sheets, among the Cape jasmines and wallflowers. . Serious and frowning for the
first time, Grimanesa reposed like a saint, with her braids hidden in the
Carmelites' cornet and her pretty waist imprisoned in her habit, according to
the religious custom of the valley, to sanctify the pretty dead women. On her
chest they placed a barbaric silver crucifix that had been used by one of her
grandfathers to defeat rebels in an ancient Indian uprising. When Don Timoteo
kissed the holy image, the dead woman's habit was left ajar, and he noticed
something, because his tears suddenly dried up and he walked away from the
corpse as if mad, with strange repulsion. Then he looked everywhere, hid an
object in his poncho and, without saying goodbye to anyone, remounted,
returning to Ticabamba in the dead of night.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">***<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For six months no one went from one farm to another nor could
they explain this silence. They hadn't even attended the funeral! Don Timoteo
lived cloistered in the storax-smelling bedroom, without speaking for whole
days, deaf to the pleas of Ana María, as beautiful as her sister Grimanesa, who
lived adoring and fearing her stubborn father. He was never able to find out
the cause of the strange detour or why Conrado Basadre was not coming.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But one clear Sunday in June, Don Timoteo got up in a good
mood and proposed to Ana María that they go together to Sincavüca, after mass.
That resolution was so unexpected that the little girl walked around the house
for the entire morning as if crazy, trying on in the mirror her long Amazon
skirts and the jipijapa hat, which had to be fixed on the oily locks with a
long gold stiletto. The father saw her like this, and said, embarrassed,
looking at the pin:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—You're going to get rid of that eyesore!...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ana María obeyed with a sigh, determined, as always, not to
guess the mystery of that violent father.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When they arrived at Sincavilca, Conrado was breaking in a new
colt, bare-headed in the full sun, beautiful and arrogant on the black saddle
with silver nails and rivets. He jumped down, and when he saw Ana María so
similar to her sister in her sweet grace, he looked at her for a long time,
enthralled.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">No one spoke about the misfortune that occurred or mentioned
Grimanesa; but Conrado cut his splendid and carnal Cape jasmines to give them
to Ana María. They didn't even go to visit the dead woman's grave, and there
was an annoying silence when the old nurse came to hug "the girl"
crying:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Jesus, Mary and Joseph, as pretty as my little friend! A
chapuli! Since then, every Sunday the visit to Sincavilca was repeated. Conrado
and Ana María spent the day looking into each other's eyes and gently squeezing
each other's hands when the old man turned his face to contemplate a new cut of
the ripe cane. And one festive Monday, after the fiery Sunday on which they
kissed for the first time, Conrado arrived in Ticabamba displaying the showy
elegance of fair days, his violet poncho draped over his sheep's hair, his mane
well combed and shining. his horse, which "braced" with elegant foreshortening
and stuck its foaming nose into his chest, like the palfreys of the liberators.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With the solemnity of the great hours, he asked about the
landowner, and did not call him, with the usual respect, "Don
Timoteo", but he murmured, as in ancient times, when he was Grimanesa's
boyfriend:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—I want to talk to you, my father.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">They locked themselves in the colonial room, where the
portrait of their dead daughter was still there. The old man, silent, waited
for Conrado, very embarrassed, to explain to him, in an indecisive and
embarrassing voice, his desire to marry Ana María. He paused so long that Don
Timoteo, with his eyes closed, seemed to be sleeping. Suddenly, agilely, as if
the years had no weight on that iron constitution of a Peruvian landowner, he
went to open an old-style iron box with a complicated key chain, which had to
be requested with a thousand tricks and a "password" written on a
padlock. Then, always silent, he picked up a gold pin there. It was one of
those moles that close the mantle of the Indian women and end in a coca leaf;
but longer, sharper, and stained with black blood. Upon seeing him, Conrad fell
to his knees, whimpering, like a confessed prisoner.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Grimanesa, my poor Grimanesa!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But the old man warned, with a violent gesture, that it was
not the time to cry. Disguising his growing confusion with a superhuman effort,
he murmured, in a voice so muffled that he could barely be understood:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Yes, I took it from her chest when she was dead... You had
stuck this pin in her heart... Isn't that true?... Maybe she missed you...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">-Yes my father. -Yes my father.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">-Nobody knows?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—No, my father.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Did he go with the administrator?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">-Yes my father.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Why didn't you kill him too?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He ran away like a coward. "Do you swear to kill him if
he returns?"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">-Yes my father.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The old man cleared his throat loudly, squeezed Conrad's hand,
and said, already out of breath:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—If this one also deceives you, do the same... Here!...<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He solemnly presented the golden pin, as grandfathers gave the
sword to the new knight; and with brutal rejection, clutching his failing
heart, he told his son-in-law to leave immediately, because it was not good for
anyone to see the tremendous and righteous Don Timoteo Mondaraz sobbing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">VENTURA GARCÍA CALDERÓN.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWib861KwW-De-zkuUliDfX6cb1Fwf2WGmO4-iTsm7cgZ4tPE7pHjE5Zgq76JqWJxJ57m86MAkh2j5lQ8rjKh6wcjzu_wRJHKPrPojPaSM_3LJqiVaX-6Gtsl7rlre3l4DC7xweiV-f6gDzD9kHy3bR6SQR6hu-bY7lBdJp6e8HKI7V2pQG9KRZb58mjU/s1500/Ventura.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1500" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWib861KwW-De-zkuUliDfX6cb1Fwf2WGmO4-iTsm7cgZ4tPE7pHjE5Zgq76JqWJxJ57m86MAkh2j5lQ8rjKh6wcjzu_wRJHKPrPojPaSM_3LJqiVaX-6Gtsl7rlre3l4DC7xweiV-f6gDzD9kHy3bR6SQR6hu-bY7lBdJp6e8HKI7V2pQG9KRZb58mjU/s320/Ventura.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-2423423425590571962024-03-03T03:50:00.000-08:002024-03-03T03:50:09.384-08:00 The last interview with Colonel Francisco Bolognesi<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUbzgZ4EIt0wtbao8_geffnIFGhd_lghGqub2NssliHz5pNBT8biq9T6tO4sNj5449lEIz2mvhuMFmINQOFycAR3MmlVwuSy56LLHCZXfTYj1n5xKLEGNSATwQHNjefZKu-WGNg-IPj6cvDAokwnQlJXMaLQPu17HkLv5w71G8euKbR5nGO_-ck_tRLX0/s800/FranciscoBolognesi-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUbzgZ4EIt0wtbao8_geffnIFGhd_lghGqub2NssliHz5pNBT8biq9T6tO4sNj5449lEIz2mvhuMFmINQOFycAR3MmlVwuSy56LLHCZXfTYj1n5xKLEGNSATwQHNjefZKu-WGNg-IPj6cvDAokwnQlJXMaLQPu17HkLv5w71G8euKbR5nGO_-ck_tRLX0/s320/FranciscoBolognesi-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The last interview with Colonel Francisco
Bolognesi<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Published on
06-07-2020 Current source: La Crónica Viva Newspaper 2024<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Two weeks
before his immolation, on June 7, 1880 in the Battle of Arica, Colonel
Francisco Bolognesi was interviewed by a correspondent from the newspaper
“Rejistro Official” of Ayacucho. Another treasure of the thousands that can be
found in libraries. 140 years later, the colonel does have someone to read it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The heroism of duty<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It was May
23, 1880. The Peruvian-Bolivian Army, gathered in Tacna, had taken its
positions in the “Campo de la Alianza” and was awaiting the attack of the
invader, who could be seen with the help of a telescope. few miles away.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The writer
of this line was sent that day to Arica, on an important commission, aboard the
Monitor Manco-Cápac.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
extraordinary train left for the neighboring port at 5 pm in order to reach its
destination at night and thus avoid the cannonade of the enemy squadron, which
was positioned in front of the mouth of the Lluta and Chacalluta valleys and
out of the reach of the ground batteries, prevented the convoy from moving.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The few
passengers who were on the express, naturally, looked for the best
accommodation and I headed to the house of D J de M., a notable resident of the
place, a very dignified and respectable person, whose obsequious hospitality I
will never be able to forget.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Head of
the Plaza had established his residence in the aforementioned house and had the
greatest satisfaction in knowing that I came from the heights of Tacna and that
I could give him reliable news of what was happening in the camp, since it is
notable that despite the short distance that separates it from that city, and
despite the telegraph and railway that connect them, in that city not the
slightest was known regarding the enemy's movements, the number of troops it
had and the greater or lesser probability of victory for the enemy. our parts.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMdTUK37b5FCWmwhyphenhyphenx_ovBBCD52JfIHs-2aIP5viZyH9Ea8VACO6t7z1uXG9AeC81qQWEWji90rWEjHC7zU4qNSAAuOsF2P99fsnAN9ruxiFuLMLXE4n6Uw65V7hxH4rGqPkJEazQQEZcob4apIskE9A2k2MJJThEpy5Oy82qR32GwXz8E6fUnWT0yWy4/s800/FranciscoBolognesi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="449" data-original-width="800" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMdTUK37b5FCWmwhyphenhyphenx_ovBBCD52JfIHs-2aIP5viZyH9Ea8VACO6t7z1uXG9AeC81qQWEWji90rWEjHC7zU4qNSAAuOsF2P99fsnAN9ruxiFuLMLXE4n6Uw65V7hxH4rGqPkJEazQQEZcob4apIskE9A2k2MJJThEpy5Oy82qR32GwXz8E6fUnWT0yWy4/s320/FranciscoBolognesi.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Colonel
Bolognesi, to whom I was introduced, after making the most pleasant memories of
my father, of whom he was a companion and friend, entered into the following
dialogue with me:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-Come on,
you who come from Tacna will be able to give me certain news about our troops,
since what we receive here is either very late or does not satisfy in any way.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-Sir, our
Army occupies the same positions that General Campero took: its state of mind
is satisfactory even for the most demanding patriotism and it has received
greater encouragement, if possible, with the incorporation of the “Tacna
Division”, commanded by the prefect Dr. Solar and which is made up of the
Gendarmeries of the Departments of Tacna and Tarapacá, the Police forces and
the National Guard, which includes people from all social conditions, who have
not hesitated to offer their contingent of blood , in defense of our cause:
everything, then, ensures an upcoming victory and it is believed that the
Chileans, given the resolute attitude of the Allied Army, will not dare to
advance and will change their plan of attack.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-What a
crazy think! Is the number of the enemy's forces known?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-I don't
know, sir, if our bosses are behind this, but I believe that nothing is known
for certain and that the calculations made on the matter are risky.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-So, how do
you want us to succeed? Is it possible, is it rational to trust in victory over
an enemy, whose numerical strength is not known? Why hasn't an espionage
service been organized near him, to communicate to us all the data that
interests us? Why don't we imitate our enemies, who are aware of the least that
happens in our camp and who are not even aware of the number of soldiers we
have in the hospitals?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-It seems to
me, sir, that, if our bosses lack that important information, instead they have
taken their measures to counteract any advantage that the Chileans have over
us, and for the same reason, no one doubts for a moment the victory.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hey friend!
You, like the majority of our compatriots, see everything rosy; But it is
necessary to convince ourselves that our condition cannot be sadder: a series
of errors in every sense have marked this war from the beginning, and,
therefore, I do not see the outcome as favorable to our cause. When the enemy
Army has decided to attack us in our own positions, it is because it has
measured all the inconveniences that could arise in its path and has found the
means to overcome them; It is because he has complete security of achieving
victory, since this is guaranteed with his greater number of troops, with the
relatively superior power of his three weapons and with the courage that is
consequent to the advantages that have been acquired over the opponent. Why,
before it overtook Sama, had a respectable force not been deployed on the coast
of Tarapacá? With this measure, it is more than likely that his attention would
have been drawn to that side, and that his plan would have changed completely.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-Apart from
the serious risks that would have been presented for such an expedition, I
believe that there were not sufficiently mobile elements to carry it out.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-No, well,
you are wrong. During the time I have been in charge of Arica I have provided
the Allied Army with more than 900 mules, taken from the valleys of Azapa and
Lluta and Chacalluta. Having been given command of the expeditionary force, I
would have sought the necessary mobility and would also have been responsible
for its success. The current condition of this Plaza could not be more
regrettable; Everyone believes it to be impregnable and yet it will not be able
to resist the enemy, in a combined attack of sea and land: the number of its
defenders is so small that they can easily be overwhelmed in a moment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">- Is it
possible, sir, that such is its condition? When we all consider it as a bastion
before which the enemy's efforts will crash, in the event of a disaster, all
the more so since it is the point of retreat rather than the sole reason.
advise.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">-What I'm
telling you, friend. If the next battle is unfavorable to us, as I fear most,
Arica is lost and without remedy, because we will be isolated, because the
enemy will bring here all his victorious troops, to attack us in combination
with his squad, because we will have to resign ourselves to our situation.
luck. I know how to tell you that, as a citizen and as Head of this Plaza; I
will prefer to die rather than surrender, even so that our compatriots may be
encouraged by our conduct, even so that History may say in its pages, when
speaking of this war:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“The
defenders of Arica, despite the desperate nature of their condition, fulfilled
their duty, preferring to die in their position rather than implore the mercy
of the victor.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pronouncing
such sublime words, which revealed his refined patriotism and the greatness of
his soul, we were interrupted by the arrival of two officers who came to report
on a commission.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I said
goodbye to Colonel Bolognesi so I would never see him again.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Juan Carlos
Flórez Granda, director of SEHCAP (Coronel Arnaldo Panizo Historical Studies
Society), found this gem while conducting research to prepare a historical
profile of Colonel Francisco Bolognesi. The article does not have a signature
and was published on January 7, 1882 in the “Registro Oficial” newspaper of
Ayacucho.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Investigation:
Walter Sosa Vivanco<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQCNFsWMIzqQXpOaKwyeb3vxzM5hNluu77HihLTGijJ1oXQSptR9jobO5VuV1I3zcqGsqp-JjqSyT9tSkEfxZIhEXbZy1qC4Ge7BiPJHCd-t3Ug0m332YtsEVhACKESHIA8F7naueJkrSgE1ONmHWD6MaPBVOM8MpRlpwCkq1aBdm1zEfdn7vidlOuDVM/s510/1880bolognesi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="510" data-original-width="356" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQCNFsWMIzqQXpOaKwyeb3vxzM5hNluu77HihLTGijJ1oXQSptR9jobO5VuV1I3zcqGsqp-JjqSyT9tSkEfxZIhEXbZy1qC4Ge7BiPJHCd-t3Ug0m332YtsEVhACKESHIA8F7naueJkrSgE1ONmHWD6MaPBVOM8MpRlpwCkq1aBdm1zEfdn7vidlOuDVM/s320/1880bolognesi.jpg" width="223" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-25890944004575071702024-03-03T00:38:00.000-08:002024-03-03T00:38:07.779-08:00Dialogue without barriers with Jorge Chavez<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Dialogue
without barriers with Jorge Chavez<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Corriere
della Sera interviews Jorge Chávez in the hospital after his tragic accident<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">On
Friday, September 23, 1910, after the accident occurred while landing, after
having conquered the Alps, Jorge Chávez was rescued from the remains of his
Bleriot, which lay in the Domodossola field. Luigi Barzini, special envoy of
Milan's Corriere della Sera to cover the Crossing of the Alps.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Source:Newspaper La Cronica Viva Lima Peru</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0wpnNq8GDwa8Pw5oFxqdVsHAH2uErHGeyDJIsKVfElffSy6fS_wiPVVk6YUseA5CZzrXCUAeM0PpY05j54OqpAYMcpWEtgTY-iyCpG4Se4p6ULFUHC_tu5-HTcgaxu-VJh9pBJ-U4i0xH0RYrr7y4auiHG3m68OtdwCAEn0syg3Xa5Jlyp9qBTR9mHss/s800/JorgeChavez01.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="800" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0wpnNq8GDwa8Pw5oFxqdVsHAH2uErHGeyDJIsKVfElffSy6fS_wiPVVk6YUseA5CZzrXCUAeM0PpY05j54OqpAYMcpWEtgTY-iyCpG4Se4p6ULFUHC_tu5-HTcgaxu-VJh9pBJ-U4i0xH0RYrr7y4auiHG3m68OtdwCAEn0syg3Xa5Jlyp9qBTR9mHss/s320/JorgeChavez01.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGcoNgmjgRn1KIrTQqCN74fxbiJucgb6pBVk-nB-ngbiGHLgrOS3Z1ENRe6rm7dvK6iiMVvSPpm4EWa_jrfFamXQVY3Q3ydVkOokq-uvcNoocEyaZodbisJtNQDqsZEdtO-dh6r-CM2acwE9g19Uu4M-Xuh8Q6XtzPeX1kE78MshMhE-l4jLZMhMHs4o/s800/JorgeChavez1605buena.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="466" data-original-width="800" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipGcoNgmjgRn1KIrTQqCN74fxbiJucgb6pBVk-nB-ngbiGHLgrOS3Z1ENRe6rm7dvK6iiMVvSPpm4EWa_jrfFamXQVY3Q3ydVkOokq-uvcNoocEyaZodbisJtNQDqsZEdtO-dh6r-CM2acwE9g19Uu4M-Xuh8Q6XtzPeX1kE78MshMhE-l4jLZMhMHs4o/s320/JorgeChavez1605buena.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Corriere
della Sera interviews Jorge Chávez in the hospital after his tragic accident<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There is
silence in the hospital room where Jorge Chávez is in.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Then he,
looking at his friends Arthur Duray and Joseph Christiaens, asked: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“And the
others?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini:
“The others? Who?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez:
“The other aviators. Weymann…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini:
“Weymann and Farman left Briga this morning and headed to Milan.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez:
“Ah! I thought… it's such a nice day today…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini:
“Stay calm. “You have won, only you."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez:
“It has been hard. I have not passed the Monscera.... Do you know that?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">23
September 1910. Jorge Antonio Chávez Dartnell, also known as Géo Chávez,
Franco-Peruvian aviator– left Ried-Brig, Switzerland and flew towards the
Simplon Pass, becoming the first pilot to fly over the Swiss Alps.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">— Ron
Eisele (@ron_eisele) September 22, 2023<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini: “Stay calm.”You have won, only you."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJeyb3QoQPHLUvQzy7PE37IIea7kF3TExD80bC678mu-mgERCTCyTQjHDsqizZDiGp16GojnFXYuwBIl0lzBmzFOYTL3Bii-jnIM-H6VJMXCf0U7FvvXMORsz4p-5xMrVNBwAuXeBeJ-Y9BPMwmlsRxly6ELk7yOfHV1Gqk5MEHQlFSRsnKZr4MJPESzA/s600/JorgeChavez02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="435" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJeyb3QoQPHLUvQzy7PE37IIea7kF3TExD80bC678mu-mgERCTCyTQjHDsqizZDiGp16GojnFXYuwBIl0lzBmzFOYTL3Bii-jnIM-H6VJMXCf0U7FvvXMORsz4p-5xMrVNBwAuXeBeJ-Y9BPMwmlsRxly6ELk7yOfHV1Gqk5MEHQlFSRsnKZr4MJPESzA/s320/JorgeChavez02.jpg" width="232" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The interview begins as follows:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini: “I think you were going too low to overcome
Monscera.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez: “None of that. I could have perfectly risen much
higher... However, I have not dared, I haven't dared. Do you remember what
winds we had on Monday, when I had problems in the Saltina Valley? Well, that
same sudden and treacherous wind…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini: “Did he grab it from the side?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez: “No, it blew in all directions… it came in gusts, it
went up, down, and it formed whirlwinds…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini: “At what point in the route did you catch it?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez: “When I started to climb, there was perfect stillness…
I made it very well to the Simplón Pass… The day was so clear that I could see
the hotel perfectly.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I continued, therefore,
with complete confidence, heading towards the Krammbach valley… Do you remember?
That valley that we descended together in the morning with Paulhan…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini: “Perfectly.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez: “I have gone down a little to cover myself from the
east wind…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini: “We have seen it.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chavez: “Ah! Were they you? I saw a car that was running…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“Up, always up!”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Commanding the small monoplane Bleriot @CancilleriaPeru
@PeruEnSuiza @JChavezCresta@swissinfo_es pic.twitter.com/X4dgDz8Mz7<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">— Markus Antonietti (@yetirhodanus) September 23, 2023<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini “Did you hear our screams?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez: “No… Well, I went down a little. I had just a few
gusts of wind. He feared something more serious after what he had seen in the
morning. The stillness continued to accompany me until the Furgenn pass, that
high valley that can be seen from the village of Simplón.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini: “It is the beginning of the Monscera passage.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez: “Precisely… I was determined to go through there. He
knew the route perfectly. He had climbed the top of Pioltone twice and I
remembered all the steps... When I arrived at Furgenn I believed that the most
difficult part of the journey had been done. But a first gust of wind hits me
as I pass along the road… where it makes the last turns over the valley before
heading towards Gondo… Are you following me?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini: “I see the place. Were you too high at that point?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez: “More than a thousand meters. I saw it as a tangled
white ribbon... Until that moment, I had flown in a southerly direction. From
there I headed southeast... But as soon as I found myself at the Furgenn Pass,
between the Seehorn on the left and the Tschaggmatorn on the right, I suddenly
felt myself caught by the wind... They were real hammer blows, unexpected, for
here, there, up, down... Hell. I seemed to bounce like a ball. He made jumps of
fifty and sixty meters. Ah! If the barometer had been able to record all that,
you would see what kind of zigzags it would mark. The wind suddenly threw me
towards the earth and a moment later grabbed me again to throw me against the
sky... That's where I tired the device. I felt like the wind was carrying me and
it seemed as if the airplane had to suddenly escape from me. I moved the
balancers, I tried to spin, get out of those whirlwinds... It was a tremendous
and stubborn fight..."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">1/2 #Antique 1910 #Italian #RPPC shows crash site at
#Domodossola of #Peruvian #Pioneer #Aviator #GeoChavez who_ 113 years ago on
this date_ Sept 23, 1910 was officially declared #First #Pilot to cross the
#Alps in the #Milano Air Race Circuit #deltiology #AviationHistory #Italy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">pic.twitter.com/Jz9pOfoaZT<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">23, 2023<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini: “Were you scared?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chavez: “No.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini:
“And you were not impressed by the vision of the mountain and its abysses?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chavez:
“No. I did not think about that... I did not look down... I only looked at what
was in front of me, I only thought that about five kilometres away was the Mons
era pass, high, abrupt and I had a feeling that I wouldn't be able to fly
there... winds swept it, penetrated it... To my left opened the Zwischberger
valley that connects with the Gondo. It is a narrow gorge between steep
mountains, enclosed between the Seehorn and the Pioltone, uglier and narrower
than the Gondo. He is seen passing by on the road. And I got into it... I could
not choose. I had to decide whether to continue… or land among the rocks…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini:
“At what height were you flying?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez:
“Above two thousand meters, maybe two thousand one hundred... I circled around
the Seehorn and then entered the gorge.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Three
minutes later, three long and endless minutes, I assure you; I was behind
Pioltone and was following the valley, a little below the peaks... The wind was
blowing quite strong, I had it behind me. It was flying fast, perhaps more than
a hundred kilometres per hour. I felt some shakes, the gusts of wind carried me
like a board in a stormy sea, but the jumps were smaller than the previous
ones... I have travelled in this way about seven or eight kilometers to where
the valley widens. I then made out, below and to my left, on the other side of
the valley, the village of Varzo. I estimate it was about fifteen hundred
meters above it. The heights on the other bank have seemed easier to fly over
and I have headed over the Varzo, reducing my altitude to approximately five
hundred meters, alternating the planned flight with some "reprises"
(strokes) of the engine... And I have done well, because I have found a quieter
area. After Varzo, I have always flown over the left bank... I have seen the
Ossola valley in the distance. It was the end. I got there in a flash… I passed
over Domodossola, going lower and lower. I could see the landing field, many
people, a large white cross on the grass, the landing signal. Then… later, you
know the rest.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">2/2
#Antique 1910 #Italian #postcard commemorating #Peruvian #pioneer #aviator
#GeoChavez who was declared #First #Pilot to cross #Alps 113 years ago when he
crashed at #Domodossola _on this date Sept. 23, 1910 during “#Milano Air Race
Circuit” He died on the 27th #philately pic.twitter.com/eAgDZWeA2p<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">— Marje
Molder (@MarjeMolder) September 23, 2023<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini:
“No. Tell me until the end.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez:
“I don't know. It went down very well; it went down regularly, a little in
gliding flight and a little with the help of the engine so as not to be dragged
by the blowing wind... It made a normal landing... It was almost touching the
ground, happy... Then I don't know more. I don't remember what happened. I
think about it, but I can't remember it... I see myself a few meters from the
ground, in my device... and nothing more."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Barzini:
“Have you not seen when the wings broke?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez
“No, they say they have folded like the wings of a pigeon… Is that true,
Duray?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Duray:
“Let's not talk about this anymore… Enough.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chávez
remains silent… The hospital room remains silent.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPmTSKW504L8JWbTg72iK97RDOF9tF4ijstrTfnevX7Qa93fDOLrUmD-oXiY-7p1L0tdyYCMH_H0D4Scg3CPppyeTn6B9TThB-n_Yag4x2ezksrkD2twatdSAtkAvDT51h3Oe0Y22n5yjnoo7yusuyblGIe-vihJ1zVu2mdeLNgsFE2YepisiCqhS6RCI/s800/JorgeChavez03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="514" data-original-width="800" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPmTSKW504L8JWbTg72iK97RDOF9tF4ijstrTfnevX7Qa93fDOLrUmD-oXiY-7p1L0tdyYCMH_H0D4Scg3CPppyeTn6B9TThB-n_Yag4x2ezksrkD2twatdSAtkAvDT51h3Oe0Y22n5yjnoo7yusuyblGIe-vihJ1zVu2mdeLNgsFE2YepisiCqhS6RCI/s320/JorgeChavez03.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-10011329802324266342024-03-02T00:52:00.000-08:002024-03-02T01:39:58.488-08:00Anna Pavlova<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Anna
Pavlova<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbIIiCWUtlb6ULG2i4Pzj7SFHyQZDTY7MT6nmDq_8-Kp1KzlQiJKYsO8MpkqmDosrsC6VWSPc9w3i_kvauwpQUZhkoQcJ9n_5u4m2SsMPlcJn4UEFg9oouLI9Vqa0lhYnnTPRchkcwVNEii4IowkoJi_npmp4vLIdLHKR8n5Qg8Gcn3c4lU31b7Ne53_Q/s500/gettyimages-3142955.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="500" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbIIiCWUtlb6ULG2i4Pzj7SFHyQZDTY7MT6nmDq_8-Kp1KzlQiJKYsO8MpkqmDosrsC6VWSPc9w3i_kvauwpQUZhkoQcJ9n_5u4m2SsMPlcJn4UEFg9oouLI9Vqa0lhYnnTPRchkcwVNEii4IowkoJi_npmp4vLIdLHKR8n5Qg8Gcn3c4lU31b7Ne53_Q/s320/gettyimages-3142955.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Saint Petersburg, 1882 - The Hague, 1931) Russian dancer. She
began her studies in 1891, at the age of ten, at the Ballet School of the
Marinsky Theater in Saint Petersburg with Pavel Gerdt, Christian Johansson and
Eugenia Sokolova. She debuted in the company on July 1, 1899 with The Vestal
Virgin. She was a supporter of the reforms introduced by Fokine, and she
aspired to an interpretation of the music at her dances.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwIrdVGjztvdlTp7_TumzV-lje6srIdjAAcpJidYzADBbno6paAcTkErJRy3UzuG0eJwFXRWiSiLAkdUHZQINOls7n4JZKK59d30cx4upLQ8FY77hZsaoeRxro8tmTeCELmRLFUVhSe3nQYb6aY2edr0Ne_jxYJKZpb9pdZF7MHBSlH_elligslhHvWUs/s340/pavlova.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="330" data-original-width="340" height="311" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwIrdVGjztvdlTp7_TumzV-lje6srIdjAAcpJidYzADBbno6paAcTkErJRy3UzuG0eJwFXRWiSiLAkdUHZQINOls7n4JZKK59d30cx4upLQ8FY77hZsaoeRxro8tmTeCELmRLFUVhSe3nQYb6aY2edr0Ne_jxYJKZpb9pdZF7MHBSlH_elligslhHvWUs/s320/pavlova.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEsnaaYPDfjPsl3kQnUBjU0IPTJy4_hdZ-8xnyd1HZLNYG4jtTYpf8M2pOdK-5x8JmeaWnKkIWFTzG8jdTtDuiOkI6l8demmx2yFyEDiaTfHqc9-pCBP-4nVrObU3aIqHqzwpsb7W62NlhpoFVl8oYBP4fI9lLQ8ShbpEwalBO1eUgH8hQ8c134OKSJUc/s760/c9cde7826004db73374b86b6a79dd16c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="760" data-original-width="566" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEsnaaYPDfjPsl3kQnUBjU0IPTJy4_hdZ-8xnyd1HZLNYG4jtTYpf8M2pOdK-5x8JmeaWnKkIWFTzG8jdTtDuiOkI6l8demmx2yFyEDiaTfHqc9-pCBP-4nVrObU3aIqHqzwpsb7W62NlhpoFVl8oYBP4fI9lLQ8ShbpEwalBO1eUgH8hQ8c134OKSJUc/s320/c9cde7826004db73374b86b6a79dd16c.jpg" width="238" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Anna Pavlova<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjGfPFooAGzCpQyOBHPJwmhKO_r3ob8is-L2yC6Od-LUJ8p1tcw4Mp4F0Se6Pb7uNDv18Xc9TcpehUGiuTD4wgBHH3M2S_aIuCU3MXSQM2rBaeMHGH4qnLxxMCK4v0U0gRQ4SaFwCu2M-f6NfgMa_Lb9_ZNnP-z744eNQdQlhezBb5vcMv46js2xnBrRU/s1150/e14caf72c2d3de240aec95b90f6b5934.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1150" data-original-width="875" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjGfPFooAGzCpQyOBHPJwmhKO_r3ob8is-L2yC6Od-LUJ8p1tcw4Mp4F0Se6Pb7uNDv18Xc9TcpehUGiuTD4wgBHH3M2S_aIuCU3MXSQM2rBaeMHGH4qnLxxMCK4v0U0gRQ4SaFwCu2M-f6NfgMa_Lb9_ZNnP-z744eNQdQlhezBb5vcMv46js2xnBrRU/s320/e14caf72c2d3de240aec95b90f6b5934.jpg" width="243" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1905, Michel Fokine created The Death of the Swan for her,
premiered in St. Petersburg and presented at the Metropolitan Opera House in
New York five years later. Named prima ballerina in 1906, she premiered in the
lead roles the ballets Armida's Pavilion (1907), Chopiniana (1908) and Egyptian
Nights (1908) by Fokine, some of which she danced again in the debut of
Diaghilev's Ballets Russes in Paris, the year 1909.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After several tours through London, New York, Prague and
Berlin with Mikahil Mordkin as a partner, Anna Pavlova, still linked to the
Marinsky Theatre, formed her own company in 1910. The group, initially made up
of only eight dancers, was expanded in 1913 to tour throughout America.
Harcourt Algenaroff, Hilda Butsova, Laurent Novikoff, Ruth Page, Pierre
Vladimirov and Alexander Volinine were some of her collaborators. The First
World War surprised her in Berlin, but she managed to move to London, where she
had performed privately for King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Pavlova's distaste for new choreographic trends, which had led
her to reject the lead role in Michel Fokine's L'Oiseau de Feu (1910) in
Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, was evident in her company's repertoire, made up of
many of the 19th century classics, in addition to the ballets The Fairy Doll
(1914), by Ivan Clustine, and others choreographed by Anna Pavlova herself,
such as Dragonfly (Fritz Kreisler, 1914), California Poppy (Piotr Ilich
Tchaikovsky, 1916) and Autumn Leaves (Frédéric Chopin, 1918).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Throughout its fifteen years of existence (from its creation
in 1910 until the dancer's retirement in 1925), Ana Pavlova's company offered
more than four thousand performances on five continents. These shows were
organized by businessman Victor D'André, often described as her husband,
although no certificate has been found to prove this. Anna Pavlova died in The
Hague as a result of pneumonia. In 1924, actor Douglas Fairbanks filmed some of
Pavlova's solos, which later became part of the film The Immortal Swan (1956).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Her most famous dance was The Death of the Swan, arranged for
her by Fokine, to music by Camille Saint-Saëns. Pavlova often performed dances
adapted especially to her, which expressed moods, symbolized seasons or
characterized flowers or creatures: Autumn Leaves, Christmas, Oriental
Impressions, The Dragon. She inspired an entire generation and spread her love
of ballet throughout the world.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitC9zsRJg8sw4sMrEuUy1c0-AqDfTabvk0FQwofV6IWKd-lDIZYPto4H2acRqe_eCOEn7eqe67JSWpJ2535XtqVLTmwnNBZtdkQXlscGPJZC43hv_qBu_gQQ8wxLV1GWiPHI5yzoH8qbuQPej2jOjIAzUFlGpUsEbij0B6AgpHpLEE0IXtIpoa6QHZwhk/s200/fed56db6.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="139" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitC9zsRJg8sw4sMrEuUy1c0-AqDfTabvk0FQwofV6IWKd-lDIZYPto4H2acRqe_eCOEn7eqe67JSWpJ2535XtqVLTmwnNBZtdkQXlscGPJZC43hv_qBu_gQQ8wxLV1GWiPHI5yzoH8qbuQPej2jOjIAzUFlGpUsEbij0B6AgpHpLEE0IXtIpoa6QHZwhk/s1600/fed56db6.jpg" width="139" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">How to cite this article:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Fernández, Tomás and
Tamaro, Elena. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«Biography of Anna Pavlova». In Biographies and
Lives. The online biographical encyclopedia [Internet]. Barcelona, Spain, 2004.
Available at https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/p/pavlova.htm [access
date: March 1, 2024].<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-88750661834036596332024-03-01T00:20:00.000-08:002024-03-01T00:26:48.679-08:00 Story : SOUVENIR<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>SOUVENIR<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO53AU-rZHo7b8jlOn_ouZMNSZK5bUgccMQqgA3VB88IMAT2xb9A02fg08vPrLWgvQzF9gKEB-ZC17lToIO7xMcOB83CzCOI6E7Tma3HY6DDC0I50KLlQ_0HNzQ2lmLP50JS8PmgJNZTCfYwZtE1nrD20P5PDYD2RBECJ8p2l1Z-hasB__bc1f6G7ghww/s400/9783967874174.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="267" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjO53AU-rZHo7b8jlOn_ouZMNSZK5bUgccMQqgA3VB88IMAT2xb9A02fg08vPrLWgvQzF9gKEB-ZC17lToIO7xMcOB83CzCOI6E7Tma3HY6DDC0I50KLlQ_0HNzQ2lmLP50JS8PmgJNZTCfYwZtE1nrD20P5PDYD2RBECJ8p2l1Z-hasB__bc1f6G7ghww/s320/9783967874174.jpg" width="214" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Guy De Maupassant</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">...We had
not eaten anything since the previous day. All day long we had stayed hidden in
a barn, huddled together for warmth, the officers mixed with the soldiers and
everyone dizzy with fatigue.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A few
sentries, lying in the snow, surveilled the surroundings of the abandoned farm
that we were using as a refuge, to guard against being surprised. We changed
them every hour to prevent them from drowsing off.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Those of
us who could sleep, slept; the others stayed still, sitting on the ground,
saying a few words to their neighbors from time to time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For three
months now the invasion had pervaded everywhere, like an overflowing ocean.
There were great waves of men one after the other, flowing constantly forward,
leaving marauders in their wake.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As for
us, reduced to two hundred irregulars from eight hundred soldiers a month
before, we were fighting in retreat, surrounded by enemies, encircled, lost. We
had to get to Blainville before the next day, where we still hoped find General
C… If we didn’t manage to make it across the twelve leagues that separated us
from the town during the night, or if the French division had left, there was
no more hope left for us.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We
couldn’t move during the day as the countryside was full of Prussians.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">At five
in the afternoon it was already night; a pallid, snow-filled night. The silent
white flakes were ever falling, burying everything under an enormous frozen
sheet that was constantly thickening under the countless mass and incessant
accumulation of the vaporous specks of crystal-like wadding.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">At six
o’clock the detachment went on the move again.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Four men
went forward as scouts three hundreds meters in front of us. Behind them came a
platoon of ten men led by a lieutenant, followed by the rest of the troop in a
mass, pell-mell, in varying disorder depending on the degree of tiredness and
on the length of their strides. Four hundred meters away on each flank, a few
soldiers were patrolling two by two.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The white
dust falling from the clouds entirely covered us up, no longer melting on the
caps or on the greatcoats, making phantoms of us, like the ghosts of dead
soldiers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">From time
to time we rested for a few minutes. Then we only heard that vague patter of
falling snow, that elusive, almost imperceptible sound of interlacing flakes.
Some men shook them off, others didn’t react. Then an order circulated in a low
voice. Rifles were raised up on shoulders and we wearily took up the march
again.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Suddenly
the scouts fell back. Something was worrying them. The order «Halt!»
circulated. In front of us was a large wood. Six men left to reconnoitre it. We
waited in a gloomy silence.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">All of a
sudden a sharp scream, a woman’s scream, in that harrowing, vibrating tone that
they throw out in their terrors, pierced the snow-thickened night.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A few
minutes later two prisoners, an old man and a young girl, were brought in.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
captain questioned them in a low voice.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Your
name?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">— Pierre
Bernard.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">— Your
profession?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—
Sommelier for the Count Roufé.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Is this
your daughter?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Yes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—What
does she do?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—She’s a
laundry-maid at the castle.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Why are
you prowling around like this at nighttime, for God’s sake?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—We are
escaping.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Why?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Twelve
uhlans passed by this evening. They shot three guards and hanged the gardener.
I am afraid for the girl.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Where
are you going?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—To
Blainville.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Why?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Because
there’s supposed to be a French army there.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Do you
know the way?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Absolutely.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—That’s
enough, stay by my side!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And the
advance across the countryside recommenced. The old man silently followed the
captain. His daughter was at his side, dragging her feet. Suddenly, she stoped.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">—Father,
she said, I’m so tired that I can’t go any further.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And she
fell. She was trembling with cold and seemed on the point of death. Her father
wanted to carry her. He couldn’t even lift her up.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
captain stamped his foot, cursing, furious, and at the same time feeling pity
for her. «In the name of God, no matter what, I just can’t let you die there!»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But some
men had gone off and come back with cut branches. A minute later a stretcher
had been made.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
captain was softened by this. «Dammit, that’s good! Come on men, who can give
her his greatcoat now? It’s for a woman, for Christ’s sake!»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Twenty
greatcoats were immediately taken off and thrown onto the stretcher. In an instant
the young girl, wrapped in these warm military cloaks, was raised up by six
robust arms that carried her off.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We went
on again, more cheerful and joyful, as if we had drunken wine. Some jokes were
even made, and the gaiety arose that a woman’s presence always awakens in
French blood.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
soldiers were marching in step now, humming tunes, all of a sudden warmed up.
And an old sharpshooter, who was following the stretcher waiting his turn to
replace the first comrade who dropped out, opened his heart to his neighbour.
«Me, I’m no longer young, but damnit, there’s nothing like the fair sex to turn
your insides upside down!»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Until
three o’clock in the morning we went on almost without any rest, but the order:
«Halt!» was suddenly whispered again, like an abrupt gust of wind. Almost by
instinct everyone flattened themselves on the ground.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Over
there, in the middle of the plain, something was moving. It seemed to be
running, and as the snow was no longer falling we could vaguely distinguish,
still quite far away, a shape like a monster that was lying down like a snake,
then suddenly seemed to recoil, to curl itself up in a ball and to stretch
itself out again, taking rapid strides and then stopping again, and so on
continuously.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Murmured
orders circulated among the men stretched out on the ground, and from time to
time the clacking of a little abrupt, metallic noise could be heard.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Suddenly
the meandering shape approached and we could see coming toward us at a fast
trot, one behind the other, twelve uhlans lost in the night.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">They were
so close now that we could hear the snorting of the horses, the clanking of the
weapons and the creaking of the leather saddles.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Then the
harsh voice of the captain cried out: «Fire, by God!»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And fifty
gunshots shattered the frozen silence of the fields; four or five delayed
detonations broke out again, then another one alone, the final one; and when
the blinding, burning powder had been dispersed we saw that the twelve men, and
nine horses, had fallen. Three animals had fled in a frantic galop, one of them
dragging the corpse of its rider bounding along behind it, hanging by his foot
from the stirrup.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
captain shouted joyfully: «Twelve fewer]of them, by God!» One of the soldiers
commented: «There are widows there!» Another added «It doesn’t take long to
take the leap!»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Then,
from the bottom of the stretcher under the pile of greatcoats, a sleepy little
voice was heard:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«What’s
happening, father? Why’s there shooting?»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The old
man answered:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«It’s
nothing; sleep, my little one!»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We took
up the route again.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We walked
on for almost four hours.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The sky
started to fade, the snow became clear, luminous, shining; a cold wind swept
the clouds away and a pale rosiness, like a streak of weak watercolour,
stretched towards the east.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A distant
voice suddenly shouted: «Who goes there?»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Another
voice answered. The whole detachment stopped. And the captain himself went
forward.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We waited
a long time. Then we moved on again. Soon we saw a small house with a French
sentry, weapon at the ready, in front of it. An officer on horseback watched us
march by. All of a sudden, he asked: «What are you carrying on that stretcher?»
Then the greatcoats stirred, we saw two little hands come out, moving them
aside, then a a cloud of hair, a tousled head, that was smiling and answered:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«It’s me,
sir, I slept well, don’t worry. I’m not cold.»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A burst
of laughter rose among the men, a laugh of satisfaction; and an enthusiast, to
express his joy having vociferated: «Long live the Republic!», the whole troop
trumpeted frenetically, as if they had gone crazy: «Long live the Republic!»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Twelve
years have passed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The other
day at the theatre, the delicate head of a young blond woman awoke in me a
confused memory, an obsessive memory but an inconclusive one. I was soon so
troubled by the desire of know the name of the woman that I asked everyone
about her.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Someone
told me: «She’s the Viscountess of L…, the daughter of Count Roufé»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And all
the details of that night of war rose up again in my mind, so clearly that I
right away recounted them to my friend sitting next to me, so that he could
write about it for the public. He has signed this account.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><s><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p><span style="text-decoration: none;"> </span></o:p></span></s></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-21243340506623506172024-02-26T14:41:00.000-08:002024-02-26T14:41:54.678-08:00<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIUIfPlACnw7MEhz259p75Z7VUWw2LR81P1XLHZLkQaZLXP6TxDTGhpJT1YTLaXklzK0VmKEjUJRuL7CFwe53jsUA7w3r2PJt9nsb2kAyTAtXOeuiLmtn-EUoKKe0ABJP-cOMrTfzURjqdB2EXwAJ20ZdNihFxRRGD_YwJ4PsXZUJPPYEsKHOhG2xmnPk/s257/garcia_calderon_ventura_2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="257" data-original-width="200" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIUIfPlACnw7MEhz259p75Z7VUWw2LR81P1XLHZLkQaZLXP6TxDTGhpJT1YTLaXklzK0VmKEjUJRuL7CFwe53jsUA7w3r2PJt9nsb2kAyTAtXOeuiLmtn-EUoKKe0ABJP-cOMrTfzURjqdB2EXwAJ20ZdNihFxRRGD_YwJ4PsXZUJPPYEsKHOhG2xmnPk/s1600/garcia_calderon_ventura_2.jpg" width="200" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 28.35pt; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; margin: 6pt 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-AU; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Ventura García Calderón<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-7P01Txx8Vy_VuUdAjSla2k1fP9htzZa7mXq_ouls07tMnRy1OPBETUAItN8ITp8U_f9HO4-KavmRRCVGOKhYn-oaYjHcrxPN7RUFZFXbTC2FPaBD5tsyL4okuogo5fYm9C1a_oQVGMNOtloqfYHCJJ4-2mrC9KHPgo10AQt2dLAQyI2YtB7nfEch14Y/s569/Ventura_Garcia_Calderon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="569" data-original-width="363" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-7P01Txx8Vy_VuUdAjSla2k1fP9htzZa7mXq_ouls07tMnRy1OPBETUAItN8ITp8U_f9HO4-KavmRRCVGOKhYn-oaYjHcrxPN7RUFZFXbTC2FPaBD5tsyL4okuogo5fYm9C1a_oQVGMNOtloqfYHCJJ4-2mrC9KHPgo10AQt2dLAQyI2YtB7nfEch14Y/s320/Ventura_Garcia_Calderon.jpg" width="204" /></a></span></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /> </span></b><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCWNetD-4jpA-sZZbfCEeJyI9yMkAam0VzW9Sa2pQeVmW-vv51kfEB82RVdlmLXwc2YIUqIxNbpCipm9mbA8qGlHim-uI8qy_BfD8oqEtXvJiYrrxpD15fdOvPmJDc6tAq-i17fyN_79uaS4HltKhrMNDsurExJ0fqHmj1_ptE6mNOIqY1BPc-xV-6-4w/s276/download.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="276" data-original-width="183" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCWNetD-4jpA-sZZbfCEeJyI9yMkAam0VzW9Sa2pQeVmW-vv51kfEB82RVdlmLXwc2YIUqIxNbpCipm9mbA8qGlHim-uI8qy_BfD8oqEtXvJiYrrxpD15fdOvPmJDc6tAq-i17fyN_79uaS4HltKhrMNDsurExJ0fqHmj1_ptE6mNOIqY1BPc-xV-6-4w/s1600/download.jpg" width="183" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN41tV1RZrY7VKEfIap5sUODIUQ_vRZQNti_lGGTOY-_nv12Y4dMO8v_eVKLbTWggZL1s_Z6Ss_FnB2Ry86zkDcBFp37FwuyUKXoA5RZfvviXZuUW-XpkEoovtnEzcnrnoRqicCqr6iC81dsFJD8PcPw_BkRgQ9dLJ3U1fGhnD1hN5cq0o_y96GQRBhXQ/s800/GARCIA-CALDERON-copia%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="800" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN41tV1RZrY7VKEfIap5sUODIUQ_vRZQNti_lGGTOY-_nv12Y4dMO8v_eVKLbTWggZL1s_Z6Ss_FnB2Ry86zkDcBFp37FwuyUKXoA5RZfvviXZuUW-XpkEoovtnEzcnrnoRqicCqr6iC81dsFJD8PcPw_BkRgQ9dLJ3U1fGhnD1hN5cq0o_y96GQRBhXQ/s320/GARCIA-CALDERON-copia%20(1).jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><o:p><br /></o:p></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">(<span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Paris, 1886 - 1959) Peruvian essayist, short story writer and
poet, one of the most relevant figures of modern Peruvian literature. Together
with José de la Riva Agüero, José Gálvez Barrenechea and Víctor Andrés
Belaúnde, he was part of the "generation of 900", also called the
"Arielista generation". Son of the politician Francisco García
Calderón (1834-1905) and brother of the writer and diplomat Francisco, he
studied at the University of San Marcos and spent, like him, a good part of his
life in Paris; He represented his country in the League of Nations (1932), in
Belgium (1935) and in Switzerland (1940).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He wrote some works in the French language, although not with
as much insistence as his brother Francisco de Jesús. Ventura García Calderón
first worked as a chronicler and it didn't take long for him to dare to do the
essay; Incidentally, he cultivated poetry, and, above all, he wrote stories
with a masterful hand. Modernist, refined spirit, in love with everything
French, García Calderón was like his brother, a Europeanizing Peruvian,
although his literary work is more transcendent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The best collection of his stories is titled The Condor's
Revenge, but those in the book Color of Blood, with a prologue by Vicente
Blasco Ibáñez, are not far behind; some others are grouped with the titles
Painful and naked reality (1914) and Danger of death. The poems of Cantilenas
and Semblanzas de América (1920), nor the chronicles of Frívolamente (1907), En
la verbena de Madrid and Bajo el clamor de las sirens do not add much to the
literary value of the storyteller; But essays such as From romanticism to
modernism (1910) and his studies on Peruvian and Uruguayan literature are of
particular interest.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Other titles of his works are Parnaso Peruano (1915), Une
enquête: Don Quichotte à Paris et dans les tranchées (1916), The first verses
of Rubén Darío (1917), The best American stories (1919), Needle of marking and
The new Spanish language (1923). Like writers like Enrique Gómez Carrillo,
Rufino Blanco Fombona and many others, García Calderón is the refined and
cultured American who sows throughout Europe the fertile seed of Latin America
and brings to the new continent the fertile warmth of the cultural values of
Western Europe.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxVfY0NgZTOa-tqZ-yRi0x-RP_bB_afkq1ahULaQnG7DPxi6LBbkMCYByeVR5A-clSrbu6BC4PJOyfwQjvWiBRuDVbh1HV-By1J4rCVm4uCyYBoNe_pvWBZ_9M_jCNpjVtzKgV98euw6OfPsDRubS3lk8iWyQMf2n6y6kbgRT4vSV8ah7kgCFeXD7uEhI/s220/csm_thumb_medium_38f8107ac3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="220" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxVfY0NgZTOa-tqZ-yRi0x-RP_bB_afkq1ahULaQnG7DPxi6LBbkMCYByeVR5A-clSrbu6BC4PJOyfwQjvWiBRuDVbh1HV-By1J4rCVm4uCyYBoNe_pvWBZ_9M_jCNpjVtzKgV98euw6OfPsDRubS3lk8iWyQMf2n6y6kbgRT4vSV8ah7kgCFeXD7uEhI/s1600/csm_thumb_medium_38f8107ac3.jpg" width="220" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-7024778380931483662024-02-15T22:28:00.000-08:002024-02-15T22:40:34.531-08:00Claude Debussy<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Claude
Debussy<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibH_y5ntRifVZ0L7PgFA7MyGqALWhGTIyn-DR2JNHBOEga-QcBy_VrNVkghCQ0mFAB6D-aSmjHp80-egJsFFph0-0WJijQmiP5V_xXDg0wKIoR7vGpbvJxrvHcYmSixiVnWtTPdTzJl7u5cYhDjU7k6UTF_1tqxMYI6nhmt3SSmvaSmq2LC31vUG3diYU/s340/debussy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="287" data-original-width="340" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibH_y5ntRifVZ0L7PgFA7MyGqALWhGTIyn-DR2JNHBOEga-QcBy_VrNVkghCQ0mFAB6D-aSmjHp80-egJsFFph0-0WJijQmiP5V_xXDg0wKIoR7vGpbvJxrvHcYmSixiVnWtTPdTzJl7u5cYhDjU7k6UTF_1tqxMYI6nhmt3SSmvaSmq2LC31vUG3diYU/s320/debussy.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHJfzQlwkZB6kUqVZPuuwObiNUwuAWl3sclvnSIxDW4kEbyIVnrVju4PQj8OcJKLZ0iXvTsab1blhsZIF47l7MjCR28HHRzhi-MI1rl3P-V-5fPThFh8tr9l4Qjnhr4EJwn5XJeGprntoP9-jf-izor1OtKr0FAKH0Da6uE4W0M-g8eVmauQY1kp6NMxQ/s2560/Signature_de_Claude_Debussy_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France,_Gallica_(btv1b531897534).svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="937" data-original-width="2560" height="117" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHJfzQlwkZB6kUqVZPuuwObiNUwuAWl3sclvnSIxDW4kEbyIVnrVju4PQj8OcJKLZ0iXvTsab1blhsZIF47l7MjCR28HHRzhi-MI1rl3P-V-5fPThFh8tr9l4Qjnhr4EJwn5XJeGprntoP9-jf-izor1OtKr0FAKH0Da6uE4W0M-g8eVmauQY1kp6NMxQ/s320/Signature_de_Claude_Debussy_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France,_Gallica_(btv1b531897534).svg.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 21.3333px; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE_Qu363Hhk-7wFLU_7v8RxHAyf3vc5Mfct48scQfceoYhhjIejkpOL797zk6JOjkddXatv-fdCrx04oLTZXMzfFVAU2Gn9QcQ2395srWJHFkSQsySR3-lkN2NPqCm6Kw3vAfwYpETFESr9iCeqc3VLTZcGquaMve04GT-kFC_ZpNz3F901Y4NPr-WRgY/s1400/1_D7a4eehxmYj1lRLJXHCIHQ.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="1400" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE_Qu363Hhk-7wFLU_7v8RxHAyf3vc5Mfct48scQfceoYhhjIejkpOL797zk6JOjkddXatv-fdCrx04oLTZXMzfFVAU2Gn9QcQ2395srWJHFkSQsySR3-lkN2NPqCm6Kw3vAfwYpETFESr9iCeqc3VLTZcGquaMve04GT-kFC_ZpNz3F901Y4NPr-WRgY/s320/1_D7a4eehxmYj1lRLJXHCIHQ.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">French
composer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Source: Britannica<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyUagFeJYsuxA-OwdubHJijWgg8exzlMk4VQ9oSwPBv6LGoKDcueWx9jgQyQSg0Emi6yOff6sJo_sKgiL6txI8jBp8ezzHCbP1bnU15WcOeNdGUWT6OwnB5w8ny2jdxvWlK4oiErkSDvk7kYi_TiFdtELxCqYi3BV6yd6iOAy0D2BSoazB34EgFywo_d8/s781/17545.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="781" data-original-width="767" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyUagFeJYsuxA-OwdubHJijWgg8exzlMk4VQ9oSwPBv6LGoKDcueWx9jgQyQSg0Emi6yOff6sJo_sKgiL6txI8jBp8ezzHCbP1bnU15WcOeNdGUWT6OwnB5w8ny2jdxvWlK4oiErkSDvk7kYi_TiFdtELxCqYi3BV6yd6iOAy0D2BSoazB34EgFywo_d8/s320/17545.webp" width="314" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Claude Debussy (</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">born
August 22, 1862, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France—died March 25, 1918, Paris)
French composer whose works were a seminal force in the music of the 20th
century. He developed a highly original system of harmony and musical structure
that expressed in many respects the ideals to which the Impressionist and
Symbolist painters and writers of his time aspired. His major works include
Clair de lune (“Moonlight,” in Suite bergamasque, 1890–1905), Prélude à
l’après-midi d’un faune (1894; Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun), the opera
Pelléas et Mélisande (1902), and La Mer (1905; “The Sea”).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Early
period<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQjMnIlyy45F9hDKE0FCFI_f0vsP43jA4iQMiloM1FAkXT3xDBA8TJ0aW2olGafcTOmWysOhS4b6B0704I1wBHdQT6thqUACDt-rkuvkQSF1R87Kzo5IVJmojnzHLtTKaeYID7_NTC7xAdgG3osYP8K-JQgj0I_-PoBgGGbD8SUYuIY_oMfMYFOwN6yKU/s201/Debussy-by-Baschet-1884.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="201" data-original-width="170" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQjMnIlyy45F9hDKE0FCFI_f0vsP43jA4iQMiloM1FAkXT3xDBA8TJ0aW2olGafcTOmWysOhS4b6B0704I1wBHdQT6thqUACDt-rkuvkQSF1R87Kzo5IVJmojnzHLtTKaeYID7_NTC7xAdgG3osYP8K-JQgj0I_-PoBgGGbD8SUYuIY_oMfMYFOwN6yKU/s1600/Debussy-by-Baschet-1884.jpg" width="170" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">1884</span></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQgPDv0ZfTe4g0ib4ZFCwA6xHBq3m01FBRpTMz8WbtM9pZnbpXhEmI9iaGLB8OKsbQ4QXHgXz-fQ4sOuNjDpc0zHd5AN4FwEruIPEaZlOQw9UMQz7r6T7g9Z5EVSgqw5e0u89Ij00Ic4UIAWE3CyLPcklxrDwQjDMrYRTfy2jCy0yWy4_ZArk0zvImp7U/s271/Maison_natale_de_Debussy.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="271" data-original-width="170" height="271" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQgPDv0ZfTe4g0ib4ZFCwA6xHBq3m01FBRpTMz8WbtM9pZnbpXhEmI9iaGLB8OKsbQ4QXHgXz-fQ4sOuNjDpc0zHd5AN4FwEruIPEaZlOQw9UMQz7r6T7g9Z5EVSgqw5e0u89Ij00Ic4UIAWE3CyLPcklxrDwQjDMrYRTfy2jCy0yWy4_ZArk0zvImp7U/s1600/Maison_natale_de_Debussy.jpg" width="170" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Debussy
showed a gift as a pianist by the age of nine. He was encouraged by Madame
Mauté de Fleurville, who was associated with the Polish composer Frédéric
Chopin, and in 1873 he entered the Paris Conservatory, where he studied the
piano and composition, eventually winning in 1884 the Grand Prix de Rome with
his cantata L’Enfant prodigue (The Prodigal Child).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Debussy’s
youth was spent in circumstances of great turbulence. He was almost overwhelmed
by situations of great extremes, both material and emotional. While living with
his parents in a poverty-stricken suburb of Paris, he unexpectedly came under
the patronage of a Russian millionairess, Nadezhda Filaretovna von Meck, who
engaged him to play duets with her and her children. He traveled with her to
her palatial residences throughout Europe during the long summer vacations at
the Conservatory. In Paris during this time he fell in love with a singer,
Blanche Vasnier, the beautiful young wife of an architect; she inspired many of
his early works. It is clear that he was torn by influences from many
directions; these stormy years, however, contributed to the sensitivity of his
early style.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Claude
Debussy, 1909.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPcyfGDiUQGPXt6AruLqTgR8kyWsFEPHW1TXdNpCs_-y4Sh4vQEa5LXNFjLAMKXqFvzL5AXy0M8tkRvuDYuHEiKKr433khY0hTUblS3zG7og_zwsaDxdXNGnwf0_pnQPyZhYk5tC8LLwNGEu5ERK1vin3DDMnOObA0MPhejMdRad2gMTWyPNier7Nl4Bs/s1600/Claude-Debussy-1909.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1382" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPcyfGDiUQGPXt6AruLqTgR8kyWsFEPHW1TXdNpCs_-y4Sh4vQEa5LXNFjLAMKXqFvzL5AXy0M8tkRvuDYuHEiKKr433khY0hTUblS3zG7og_zwsaDxdXNGnwf0_pnQPyZhYk5tC8LLwNGEu5ERK1vin3DDMnOObA0MPhejMdRad2gMTWyPNier7Nl4Bs/s320/Claude-Debussy-1909.webp" width="276" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This
early style is well illustrated in one of Debussy’s best-known compositions,
Clair de lune. The title refers to a folk song that was the conventional
accompaniment of scenes of the lovesick Pierrot in the French pantomime, and
indeed the many Pierrot-like associations in Debussy’s later music, notably in
the orchestral work Images (1912) and the Sonata for Cello and Piano (1915;
originally titled Pierrot fâché avec la lune [“Pierrot Vexed by the Moon”]),
show his connections with the circus spirit that also appeared in works by
other composers, notably the ballet Petrushka (1911) by Igor Stravinsky and
Pierrot Lunaire by Arnold Schoenberg.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Wolfgang
Amadeus Mozart. Mozart rehearsing his 12th Mass with singer and musician.
(Austrian composer. (Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Middle
period<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUTmmDm2pB_6E5gja64KGilDP7hZ3wrtrbNQ9IwHVG4C7HwPKR1I-NSttCHDas8M8C6fPx3vBHrTE7XtnyfcOr2cbjTa9FfPJBxw0NSQavIgX0Ag1atk4XHzLYZCgVPpHIX19DysFZtZFpKjvcMIjZWSfbWl2pR209RkJI0pybMbNPBrqOP53Si6z2QWU/s511/27153-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="351" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUTmmDm2pB_6E5gja64KGilDP7hZ3wrtrbNQ9IwHVG4C7HwPKR1I-NSttCHDas8M8C6fPx3vBHrTE7XtnyfcOr2cbjTa9FfPJBxw0NSQavIgX0Ag1atk4XHzLYZCgVPpHIX19DysFZtZFpKjvcMIjZWSfbWl2pR209RkJI0pybMbNPBrqOP53Si6z2QWU/s320/27153-1.jpg" width="220" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcMFJOsATsdf0CR6d20cNzgGNvy361JjfawctjtLtYRDRRAz6TGElhkdgagXRxtrWIkP39bwp3lLIEpvetu9f34Ie0vNPO4fzvy7aGxIG6PuJI0EJquOfNhFV-MDijpM8hN2ESnJUCi0zwRCETZWOkMcLfILwZAF3tXH95ygoxsI1Y9p6wR4CWR22Lbog/s599/R-12326894-1533038889-4640.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="589" data-original-width="599" height="315" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcMFJOsATsdf0CR6d20cNzgGNvy361JjfawctjtLtYRDRRAz6TGElhkdgagXRxtrWIkP39bwp3lLIEpvetu9f34Ie0vNPO4fzvy7aGxIG6PuJI0EJquOfNhFV-MDijpM8hN2ESnJUCi0zwRCETZWOkMcLfILwZAF3tXH95ygoxsI1Y9p6wR4CWR22Lbog/s320/R-12326894-1533038889-4640.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">As a
holder of the Grand Prix de Rome, Debussy was given a three-year stay at the
Villa Medici in Rome, where, under what were supposed to be ideal conditions,
he was to pursue his creative work. Most composers who were granted this state
scholarship, however, found life in this magnificent Renaissance palace irksome
and longed to return to simpler and more familiar surroundings. Debussy himself
eventually fled from the Villa Medici after two years and returned to Blanche
Vasnier in Paris. Several other women, some of doubtful reputation, were also
associated with him in his early years. At this time Debussy lived a life of
extreme indulgence. Once one of his mistresses, Gabrielle (“Gaby”) Dupont,
threatened suicide. His first wife, Rosalie (“Lily”) Texier, a dressmaker, whom
he married in 1899, did in fact shoot herself, though not fatally, and, as is
sometimes the case with artists of passionate intensity, Debussy himself was
haunted by thoughts of suicide.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The main
musical influence in Debussy’s work was the work of Richard Wagner and the
Russian composers Aleksandr Borodin and Modest Mussorgsky. Wagner fulfilled the
sensuous ambitions not only of composers but also of the Symbolist poets and
the Impressionist painters. Wagner’s conception of Gesamtkunstwerk (“total art
work”) encouraged artists to refine upon their emotional responses and to
exteriorize their hidden dream states, often in a shadowy, incomplete form;
hence the more tenuous nature of the work of Wagner’s French disciples. It was
in this spirit that Debussy wrote the symphonic poem Prélude à l’après-midi
d’un faune (1894). Other early works by Debussy show his affinity with the
English Pre-Raphaelite painters; the most notable of these works is La
Damoiselle élue (1888), based on “The Blessed Damozel” (1850), a poem by the
English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti. In the course of his career,
however, which covered only 25 years, Debussy was constantly breaking new
ground. Explorations, he maintained, were the essence of music; they were his
musical bread and wine. His single completed opera, Pelléas et Mélisande (first
performed in 1902), demonstrates how the Wagnerian technique could be adapted
to portray subjects like the dreamy nightmarish figures of this opera who were
doomed to self-destruction. Debussy and his librettist, Maurice Maeterlinck,
declared that they were haunted in this work by the terrifying nightmare tale
of Edgar Allan Poe, The Fall of the House of Usher. The style of Pelléas was to
be replaced by a bolder, more highly coloured manner. In his seascape La Mer
(1905) he was inspired by the ideas of the English painter J.M.W. Turner and
the French painter Claude Monet. In his work, as in his personal life, he was
anxious to gather experience from every region that the imaginative mind could
explore.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Late
period<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv3Ot252i8rMZTz_3y7Rjp7XOcMmMYEkg96BUFPVS7t1Uq325mhyphenhyphenikJkYFxi7IYRDk6-XeQyqwuIj93SZBLKa34wU19wl5SyiDwJEGaGX-n0xOAzdTlsJiuqYxpjTCHFacfAI83LiMkn-2hUkVe08UlwYex5ESIjTtUP1Pzy81cpMwDcgHQ2rb2TO8KYI/s1224/French-composer-Claude-Debussy.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1224" data-original-width="1020" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv3Ot252i8rMZTz_3y7Rjp7XOcMmMYEkg96BUFPVS7t1Uq325mhyphenhyphenikJkYFxi7IYRDk6-XeQyqwuIj93SZBLKa34wU19wl5SyiDwJEGaGX-n0xOAzdTlsJiuqYxpjTCHFacfAI83LiMkn-2hUkVe08UlwYex5ESIjTtUP1Pzy81cpMwDcgHQ2rb2TO8KYI/s320/French-composer-Claude-Debussy.webp" width="267" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4o1CRvuufxxp5hp14NSaC9z9aTy-cVw2lXibo0xbfunRKZdjfQSWaxXRkGQj8PyO0TkZjS671ji_NvXujs-KwWJDLWUFWaVN_vmOtJuxOnaUj06VEkK5TSbCuBj3kMayRPLu-vgmfaZzVix_LqV4M-eP58LxFb7YUUjXV-6QW4IbFb2mikxaHjgLzraA/s1390/antoine-franois-marmontel-1816-1898-claude-debussy-s-piano-teacher-KH914R.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="1172" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4o1CRvuufxxp5hp14NSaC9z9aTy-cVw2lXibo0xbfunRKZdjfQSWaxXRkGQj8PyO0TkZjS671ji_NvXujs-KwWJDLWUFWaVN_vmOtJuxOnaUj06VEkK5TSbCuBj3kMayRPLu-vgmfaZzVix_LqV4M-eP58LxFb7YUUjXV-6QW4IbFb2mikxaHjgLzraA/s320/antoine-franois-marmontel-1816-1898-claude-debussy-s-piano-teacher-KH914R.jpg" width="270" /></a></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1905
Debussy’s illegitimate daughter, Claude-Emma, was born. He had divorced Lily
Texier in 1904 and subsequently married his daughter’s mother, Emma Bardac.
Repelled by the gossip and scandal arising from this situation, he sought
refuge for a time at Eastbourne, on the south coast of England. For his daughter,
nicknamed Chouchou, he wrote the piano suite Children’s Corner (1908).
Debussy’s spontaneity and the sensitive nature of his perception facilitated
his acute insight into the child mind, an insight noticeable particularly in
Children’s Corner, a French counterpart to Mussorgsky’s song cycle The Nursery;
in the Douze Préludes, 2 books (1910, 1913; “Twelve Preludes”), for piano; and
in the ballet La Boîte à joujoux (first performed in 1919; The Box of Toys).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In his
later years, it is the pursuit of illusion that marks Debussy’s instrumental
writing, especially the strange, other-worldly Cello Sonata. This noble bass
instrument takes on, in chameleon fashion, the character of a violin, a flute,
and even a mandolin. Debussy was developing in this work ideas of an earlier
period, those expressed in a youthful play he had written, Frères en art
(Brothers in Art), where his challenging, indeed anarchical, ideas are
discussed among musicians, painters, and poets. (He had in fact published in
one of the anarchist journals poems that he had written and that he later set
to music in the song cycle Proses lyriques [1893].)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Evolution
of his work<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3i9oczCSR0ngt2yve5V0kZ1yONX2OOa1eiSNKQDAlSSFmjV2fyn8ZfwdBhjQFF4bqxjujrhWMlg5NMcjZsPwvY100wY6hT8f0pMBayTx5jVqtCB_XyCTo89pfmY5vB2kGv9vxy08aL5VkyVmnv_8DFl1ZZyLMFZ6ubAZlEWz4LkhRIQlhBR38-DdLwQc/s600/1ee22158e6644bab74d7c1a0677b6faa.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3i9oczCSR0ngt2yve5V0kZ1yONX2OOa1eiSNKQDAlSSFmjV2fyn8ZfwdBhjQFF4bqxjujrhWMlg5NMcjZsPwvY100wY6hT8f0pMBayTx5jVqtCB_XyCTo89pfmY5vB2kGv9vxy08aL5VkyVmnv_8DFl1ZZyLMFZ6ubAZlEWz4LkhRIQlhBR38-DdLwQc/s320/1ee22158e6644bab74d7c1a0677b6faa.webp" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Debussy’s
music marks the first of a series of attacks on the traditional language of the
19th century. He did not believe in the stereotyped harmonic procedures of the
19th century, and indeed it becomes clear from a study of mid-20th-century
music that the earlier harmonic methods were being followed in an arbitrary,
academic manner. Hence his formulation of the “21-note scale” designed to
“drown” the sense of tonality, though this system was never adhered to in the
inflexible manner of the 12-note system of Schoenberg. Debussy’s inquiring mind
similarly challenged the traditional orchestral usage of instruments. He
rejected the traditional dictum that string instruments should be predominantly
lyrical. The pizzicato scherzo from his String Quartet (1893) and the symbolic
writing for the violins in La Mer, conveying the rising storm waves, show a new
conception of string colour. Similarly, he saw that woodwinds need not be
employed for fireworks displays; they provide, like the human voice, wide
varieties of colour. Debussy also used the brass in original colour
transformations. In fact, in his music, the conventional orchestral construction,
with its rigid woodwind, brass, and string departments, finds itself undermined
or split up in the manner of the Impressionist painters. Ultimately, each
instrument becomes almost a soloist, as in a vast chamber-music ensemble.
Finally, Debussy applied an exploratory approach to the piano, the evocative
instrument par excellence since notes struck at the keyboard are, by the nature
of the piano mechanism, neither eighth notes, quarter notes, nor half notes,
but merely illusions of these notes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">During
the latter part of his life Debussy created an alter ego, “Monsieur Croche,”
with whom he carried on imaginary conversations on the nature of art and music.
“What is the use of your almost incomprehensible art?” Monsieur Croche asks.
“Is it not more profitable to see the sun rise than to listen to the Pastoral
Symphony of Beethoven?” Elsewhere Monsieur Croche supports the cause of the
musical explorer: “I am less interested in what I possess than in what I shall
need tomorrow.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In his
last works, the piano pieces En blanc et noir, (1915; In Black and White) and
in the Douze Études (1915; “Twelve Études”), Debussy had branched out into
modes of composition later to be developed in the styles of Stravinsky and the
Hungarian composer Béla Bartók. It is certain that he would have taken part in
the leading movements in composition of the years following World War I had his
life not been so tragically cut short by cancer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFVLoWNRPv9J-rpr-djPf2LSpWkBwwIvlUTfuQCBT5GMav_a9lFAh5S2dWMKqJWDXwVl7iHyk0mDT-AHsNcJ2A3A7EsL3x32FR24lzwlrhj71n8Mz9zIr7VBO2YNuBIuoZEH719jGS-hCiCHrybZxzN23g9Le7e9jKJBu06rRolnca8sqo5nExR5b4Yqo/s1390/claude-debussy-illustration-french-composer-1862-1918-E63J9X.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="1283" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFVLoWNRPv9J-rpr-djPf2LSpWkBwwIvlUTfuQCBT5GMav_a9lFAh5S2dWMKqJWDXwVl7iHyk0mDT-AHsNcJ2A3A7EsL3x32FR24lzwlrhj71n8Mz9zIr7VBO2YNuBIuoZEH719jGS-hCiCHrybZxzN23g9Le7e9jKJBu06rRolnca8sqo5nExR5b4Yqo/s320/claude-debussy-illustration-french-composer-1862-1918-E63J9X.jpg" width="295" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9In6H9ivhyYbjkiVAMTwCtiEKZxE8MGZjlicSpjP_TUoGQ6SR-GpAkqJcX1hyiXqONA8DwJfXuM_iVSPWLAAYtqu0Pz3V9ym9iF6cgs0s_BM2HjG2B7sw43CFF1CWeRWD9rUpoD-vWwi0vs777riPb-oSuGA_xoWyQo2OYvGh9JaB-Im_p_jfyxYKOt8/s1280/maxresdefault.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9In6H9ivhyYbjkiVAMTwCtiEKZxE8MGZjlicSpjP_TUoGQ6SR-GpAkqJcX1hyiXqONA8DwJfXuM_iVSPWLAAYtqu0Pz3V9ym9iF6cgs0s_BM2HjG2B7sw43CFF1CWeRWD9rUpoD-vWwi0vs777riPb-oSuGA_xoWyQo2OYvGh9JaB-Im_p_jfyxYKOt8/s320/maxresdefault.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9ALf-j3WXpoTzaxoN0a5WH-AZ-Z8W-i8pHHU3hsp2FMSn8cXrQm8xNis7U0rmOgIdpXBcqX0Qjd9iKXW1YkYfT7KIB0NJ5loHjsP7JY3eKKlXsB87OZiAXrsK4kdXF3ChoJHDoHhPLPn7t3PDrwmmCHCsYWqS5ThraIKs5UcPKN8ncHYQ8M8NGv6TDPo/s620/debussy-rome-1345565484-view-0.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="620" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9ALf-j3WXpoTzaxoN0a5WH-AZ-Z8W-i8pHHU3hsp2FMSn8cXrQm8xNis7U0rmOgIdpXBcqX0Qjd9iKXW1YkYfT7KIB0NJ5loHjsP7JY3eKKlXsB87OZiAXrsK4kdXF3ChoJHDoHhPLPn7t3PDrwmmCHCsYWqS5ThraIKs5UcPKN8ncHYQ8M8NGv6TDPo/s320/debussy-rome-1345565484-view-0.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Wagner,
said Debussy, was a wonderful sunset that had been mistaken for a dawn. As one
looks back on the music of the last century this seems a remarkably shrewd
observation. It was true of Wagner, of course, but it is now seen to be more
true of Debussy himself. The fact is that there comes a time when the peak, the
zenith of a civilization is reached. Critics have frequently noted this
evolutionary stage in the music of Wagner, Debussy, or in one of their
followers. A quintessential spirit is presented by these composers; and it
seemed at the time that they could never be surpassed. But of course it is at
this very stage that a decline in musical values sets in. Hence the paradoxical
element in Debussy’s stature. Undoubtedly, he was aware of this duality in his
achievement, as may be gathered from his searching, hesitant letters. Sensitive
to sham in every sphere and also a child of his environment, he not only
perceived this dual aspect of his work but also realized the extent to which he
himself was caught up in this vast evolutionary transformation.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Debussy’s
work cannot be judged on the musical level alone. “One must seek the poetry in
his work,” said his friend the French composer Paul Dukas. There is not only
poetry in his music; there is often an inspiration from painting. “I love
painting [les images, a generic term that might apply to the whole of Debussy’s
work] almost as much as music itself,” he told the Franco-American composer
Edgard Varèse. This association of the arts is a theme that runs through the
whole of the 19th century—it originated with the theories of the German
short-story writer E.T.A. Hoffmann—but for Debussy it was a theory more
sensitively expressed in the tales of Edgar Allan Poe. Throughout his life
Debussy planned to set The Fall of the House of Usher in the form of an opera—the
shadow of the tale never having been realized in Pelléas et Mélisande—and
actually signed a contract for the production of this work at the Metropolitan
Opera in New York City, but it was never completed. The fact is that the hero
of the tale, Roderick Usher, was a hypersensitive being like Debussy himself—a
poet, a painter, and a musician. Moreover, the reputation of Poe was, during
Debussy’s life and after, almost entirely a French reputation. The French poets
translated his works, and the French painters appreciated his genius; and it
was therefore only natural that a French musician should similarly have
reflected the nature of his appeal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnKG4UUySbwZw-lIN93Vrk9MJf0ZPipaEfDokvEoaRuEXTBELnVDkFQI5D0EfOOOHoabM9EWgwUOi9ZCnpurKCBr1rLKKn6R4XZ-JxrYVpuLGtNZ05AyBf2DYCm-rgM7a47QfTPk12dADjDw4lZsbcZ-kRvy1CkwC9Q7AIf0MOfWAd9uDAbUetLuuiN5U/s3072/S%C3%A9pulture_de_Claude_Debussy_-_Cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Passy_02.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2304" data-original-width="3072" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnKG4UUySbwZw-lIN93Vrk9MJf0ZPipaEfDokvEoaRuEXTBELnVDkFQI5D0EfOOOHoabM9EWgwUOi9ZCnpurKCBr1rLKKn6R4XZ-JxrYVpuLGtNZ05AyBf2DYCm-rgM7a47QfTPk12dADjDw4lZsbcZ-kRvy1CkwC9Q7AIf0MOfWAd9uDAbUetLuuiN5U/s320/S%C3%A9pulture_de_Claude_Debussy_-_Cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Passy_02.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Edward
Lockspeiser<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUlYpYyvKun66O5Zrm4EwpycrYOfVmYaEZB1shOb7YzCTZI56LC5sTIie57ep2wp-ggO_ItY8gY67qbBMZJa0KYNhoyQtAcpmwC7ZN4kp-1L3opaOl0QjzRwSS0wNNWpfYBCa4Y1oKCqqwBr5BBoY7sw83l-jhKb0YidcASyf3Cbc92NvG15eRcwYKaKo/s686/hq720.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="386" data-original-width="686" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUlYpYyvKun66O5Zrm4EwpycrYOfVmYaEZB1shOb7YzCTZI56LC5sTIie57ep2wp-ggO_ItY8gY67qbBMZJa0KYNhoyQtAcpmwC7ZN4kp-1L3opaOl0QjzRwSS0wNNWpfYBCa4Y1oKCqqwBr5BBoY7sw83l-jhKb0YidcASyf3Cbc92NvG15eRcwYKaKo/s320/hq720.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Clair the lune</span></div><div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSAl1Q1Xn1LY_o10sZgCNoF3GtkL4HDmmbxySWBweNj7wWa7LaHjjsTokUTcNMxFZaBYi67mvShAFzK0VcXo2JeKa6yQRvDNpL5FekAplEsdC-2bqXTtnqEUwfg619o6udMjzpdHJLHqeQu6SM-Vij6m2FFSx8uOWNQWdQI4GAqFsSSL15jWPViu3hU7A/s415/clair-de-lune.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="312" data-original-width="415" height="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSAl1Q1Xn1LY_o10sZgCNoF3GtkL4HDmmbxySWBweNj7wWa7LaHjjsTokUTcNMxFZaBYi67mvShAFzK0VcXo2JeKa6yQRvDNpL5FekAplEsdC-2bqXTtnqEUwfg619o6udMjzpdHJLHqeQu6SM-Vij6m2FFSx8uOWNQWdQI4GAqFsSSL15jWPViu3hU7A/s320/clair-de-lune.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-27710311662440029972024-02-13T00:38:00.000-08:002024-02-13T00:38:09.099-08:00Quotes by Alejo Carpentier<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quotes by
Alejo Carpentier<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWWbzDQVcnRloXLgCfBqeozMII_FpJHJDmb7G00_bo1lGrklA2uHCNmuub97wf0ZDxLJSUeVbotNcpGgcS9kQgG_V7OKM_-mNPn9bEGUyPDxybNXDmp9FgOtWGyVKsXoB-Obcc3NonepSmzzQW8__5ZUpkKQdd7FVMAMkYFOmbT4oanqmpeEJPWyBQYTY/s450/externo-091be025695b7a462230cc849c712f8c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="450" data-original-width="316" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWWbzDQVcnRloXLgCfBqeozMII_FpJHJDmb7G00_bo1lGrklA2uHCNmuub97wf0ZDxLJSUeVbotNcpGgcS9kQgG_V7OKM_-mNPn9bEGUyPDxybNXDmp9FgOtWGyVKsXoB-Obcc3NonepSmzzQW8__5ZUpkKQdd7FVMAMkYFOmbT4oanqmpeEJPWyBQYTY/s320/externo-091be025695b7a462230cc849c712f8c.jpg" width="225" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn3WNs71zkrNxU71OyHy5lkR3cWH9RLLJ2_M6mkWXGVrns9pVbaGhcQx67hx2wxCy8XTR1gVpeMxS2HJclcBm8mxTFbiYLIelRCGnVDcjAGvLBhDt9CQS6dgnx4ri33kHpU_mFbv2WeK5_Z8bBPIa4_dUOCVYvlw_rk2_3O9wvy3nPZMzIk8R3zynOL9g/s850/quote-i-studied-harmony-and-composition-in-a-very-spontaneous-manner-alejo-carpentier-70-32-52.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="850" height="151" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn3WNs71zkrNxU71OyHy5lkR3cWH9RLLJ2_M6mkWXGVrns9pVbaGhcQx67hx2wxCy8XTR1gVpeMxS2HJclcBm8mxTFbiYLIelRCGnVDcjAGvLBhDt9CQS6dgnx4ri33kHpU_mFbv2WeK5_Z8bBPIa4_dUOCVYvlw_rk2_3O9wvy3nPZMzIk8R3zynOL9g/s320/quote-i-studied-harmony-and-composition-in-a-very-spontaneous-manner-alejo-carpentier-70-32-52.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"Journalism is a wonderful school of life."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"The printed word embalms the truth for posterity."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"New worlds must be lived before they are
explained."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"There are two mechanisms that move the world: sex and
surplus value."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"Silence is a word in my vocabulary."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">«The greatest work proposed to the human being is to forge a
destiny»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"I believe that the writer should start writing when,
firstly, he has something to say and, secondly, when he knows how to say
it."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"Art, literature, cannot be pigeonholed."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">"We must look for the beginning of everything."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">«Man does not know for whom he suffers and for whom he hopes»<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In
the Kingdom of Heaven, there is no grandeur to be won, inasmuch as there all is
an established hierarchy, the unknown is revealed, existence is infinite, there
is no possibility of sacrifice, and all is rest and joy. For this reason, bowed
down by suffering and duties, beautiful in the midst of his misery, capable of
loving in the face of afflictions and trials, man finds his greatness, his
fullest measure, only in The Kingdom of This World.</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The truth was much more beautiful.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With affection,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-33651205574573220172024-02-11T02:34:00.000-08:002024-02-11T02:44:16.012-08:00Alejo Carpentier<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Alejo
Carpentier<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8ofuh_TsKFN9s2SlgZ7hpon8rElw7o9WMkIhCae-sHI0pOhAlaxVzbC7J3rg0GyB15o2Y6y9TJoKvrQlUXP7T69dwnwNVChkPuRz-7-gTkU_cbMVgd8zkNjvMIfjuyzxvIR85VRf4YSwnUWIKDduk0af8JppVWXgh14shxFjn3LbcKDjVkBaXAe5n9qg/s800/portada%20alejo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="800" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8ofuh_TsKFN9s2SlgZ7hpon8rElw7o9WMkIhCae-sHI0pOhAlaxVzbC7J3rg0GyB15o2Y6y9TJoKvrQlUXP7T69dwnwNVChkPuRz-7-gTkU_cbMVgd8zkNjvMIfjuyzxvIR85VRf4YSwnUWIKDduk0af8JppVWXgh14shxFjn3LbcKDjVkBaXAe5n9qg/s320/portada%20alejo.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">Cuban author<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Source Biographies and Lives<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy-shkbWScIylfaofdkY8_9g-B9ghnw1dVrfzYTUrTnFFCGS-6NEOJbRBRhBEyFXTDNHmP9nDS4B55YfkPiaVsE65BeSQm5SgLTbPCRSVZYclwpNMfADJFIHwXdmxbHgqfQi0JdTj3M9FG7qGmNcKBJpQhNALbVLbwnCh0i7rB7zhLDA-_Mj6fa8dJh0E/s600/Alejo%20portada.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="457" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgy-shkbWScIylfaofdkY8_9g-B9ghnw1dVrfzYTUrTnFFCGS-6NEOJbRBRhBEyFXTDNHmP9nDS4B55YfkPiaVsE65BeSQm5SgLTbPCRSVZYclwpNMfADJFIHwXdmxbHgqfQi0JdTj3M9FG7qGmNcKBJpQhNALbVLbwnCh0i7rB7zhLDA-_Mj6fa8dJh0E/s320/Alejo%20portada.webp" width="244" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">(Lausanne<span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">, Switzerland, 1904 - Paris, 1980) Cuban novelist,
narrator and essayist with whom the maturity of the island narrative of the
20th century culminates, in addition to being one of the most prominent figures
of Latin American literature for his baroque works such as El Century of the
lights.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">practitioners
of the style known as “magic realism,” he exerted a decisive influence on the
works of younger Latin American writers such as Gabriel García a leading Latin
American literary figure, considered one of the best novelists of the 20th
Márquez.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTvr9Dxop3oaXzZwBZ5nyyMaCsisaxdvZeU_ErqiE63FM28dxmxbaLeLync93pVKWDhl7TZOU71h-BnSEBzO3gcCqW3EBW_jn4m7vpajsuQ3WR7JCs5IZ0oE0JzghvSqk4hOayXYt7CVSNKKceATrmrQOYCcl9vJxk1mkLL5lMTjO0TVPadxQhyphenhyphenOVCqgY/s425/Alejo_Carpentier.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="330" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTvr9Dxop3oaXzZwBZ5nyyMaCsisaxdvZeU_ErqiE63FM28dxmxbaLeLync93pVKWDhl7TZOU71h-BnSEBzO3gcCqW3EBW_jn4m7vpajsuQ3WR7JCs5IZ0oE0JzghvSqk4hOayXYt7CVSNKKceATrmrQOYCcl9vJxk1mkLL5lMTjO0TVPadxQhyphenhyphenOVCqgY/s320/Alejo_Carpentier.jpg" width="248" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDPVVTHupazGYA8Pc_4S5VvzRkdlOeipIV69cUYtD3k5-kbtV9MCl9m0RDBUOqzff6C5Ii9kxJMvpGVfX1mNDaTLIwRHU-KcT-TgN3CWoK6bD5FCjn8FdKCGrAMP5772TjW5_z2YbPCZTS6lw5yRlGldzBNXRb8RTkqTCuXLCj6k2T2QxQUoy1ukq7eiY/s1390/alejo-carpentier-190480-novelistaensayista-y-musicologo-cubano-P456TB%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="947" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDPVVTHupazGYA8Pc_4S5VvzRkdlOeipIV69cUYtD3k5-kbtV9MCl9m0RDBUOqzff6C5Ii9kxJMvpGVfX1mNDaTLIwRHU-KcT-TgN3CWoK6bD5FCjn8FdKCGrAMP5772TjW5_z2YbPCZTS6lw5yRlGldzBNXRb8RTkqTCuXLCj6k2T2QxQUoy1ukq7eiY/s320/alejo-carpentier-190480-novelistaensayista-y-musicologo-cubano-P456TB%20(1).jpg" width="218" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">His definitive consecration as a writer came, however, with
The Lost Steps (1953), a novel in which an Antillean musicologist residing in
New York, married to an actress, is sent to a South American country with the
task of rescuing and finding rare instruments. On the trip he is accompanied by
a French lover, who seems to represent European decadence and whom the
musicologist abandons for a native woman through whom he comes into contact
with the life of an indigenous community, from where he is rescued and taken
back to a civilized city to which he never adapts, until he returns to the
jungle. An abstract and unreal story where the author's knowledge and
intelligence merge with the deepest images of his literary expression.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Later
came El Harassment (1956), after his experience in Venezuela, a short novel
with political and psychological themes, which faithfully reflects the circle
of repression and violence in Cuba before the Revolution, in the 1950s,
although It was not a documentary novel: in this work the episodes occur
coinciding with the forty-six minutes that the performance of Beethoven's
Eroica Symphony lasts.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1YSX2XgxQ4y_4Va-xqt0tKAGeGybisW6xDWDwQ6TbtLajNhu-3x62SV8Ps5MkML9UnMo0_mSMGNXQsAYfEdFbnZj6Xb3xC0UHDZQfZJLH7CtiBnBWFYOReW4w8QvM2Z-2WX3EbtsO5vHyUoGJzS1hVHO47oPIgg0AqguNf7lKRy_0JHtPea5ZAgTWZIA/s700/Alejo%20con%20castro.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="473" data-original-width="700" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1YSX2XgxQ4y_4Va-xqt0tKAGeGybisW6xDWDwQ6TbtLajNhu-3x62SV8Ps5MkML9UnMo0_mSMGNXQsAYfEdFbnZj6Xb3xC0UHDZQfZJLH7CtiBnBWFYOReW4w8QvM2Z-2WX3EbtsO5vHyUoGJzS1hVHO47oPIgg0AqguNf7lKRy_0JHtPea5ZAgTWZIA/s320/Alejo%20con%20castro.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">With Fidel Castro</span></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaG4iZjdKdqeU6ieD_PF-rmtSyersFbYY46TuYjh_TCrdyFGDEB5nSfvWqzcx26C6ppuy20GpNLobsqMdsduC-VOG7NDW7wuyO-UzbQqc4qK3fPUCmXy5s3mpcvZwpUxw9OnU0C4mc4mOFMMVkQdmhglBIl3HsT84W_3v12pwzykWAoIPV4p9RNa3hRkY/s900/4%20Alejo%204.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="900" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaG4iZjdKdqeU6ieD_PF-rmtSyersFbYY46TuYjh_TCrdyFGDEB5nSfvWqzcx26C6ppuy20GpNLobsqMdsduC-VOG7NDW7wuyO-UzbQqc4qK3fPUCmXy5s3mpcvZwpUxw9OnU0C4mc4mOFMMVkQdmhglBIl3HsT84W_3v12pwzykWAoIPV4p9RNa3hRkY/s320/4%20Alejo%204.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><o:p></o:p><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It was
followed by the volume Guerra del tiempo (1958), where the author brought
together three stories that represented as many variations on time in a past
setting: Camino de Santiago, a reissue of Viaje a la seed and Semejante a la
noche. There were three brief forays by Carpentier into the world of fantasy
and fiction, starring the irreversibility of what happened. Later he returned
to the historical novel with The Age of Enlightenment (1962), set in France and
the Antilles in the period of the French Revolution. In this work he narrated
the adventures of a character named Victor Hugues who brought to the island of
Guadeloupe the ideology of the French revolutionaries and also the guillotine.
A captivating novel that confirmed the visual convocation power of its author,
in which he presents distant characters and environments in the story and
brings them closer to the reader, trapping him in an amazing verbal fabric.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXvZL3slAT9Ca1G2PF1RjT6yI3NZB7zKgTHutxTz_OiR2easdCdeIABephLaqAsbo_XaZi6dd6JwTLscrqbWCfctzw2SVn636Dn5fR3r0j37xbXzemCVXo-1VKYTLqRwopFQ0ASUHx3_KYx2zIUxi5y_3z-Ol62_09g52joeDQocMgtfsP1S-XdM0YaRw/s1800/Alejo%202.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1464" data-original-width="1800" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXvZL3slAT9Ca1G2PF1RjT6yI3NZB7zKgTHutxTz_OiR2easdCdeIABephLaqAsbo_XaZi6dd6JwTLscrqbWCfctzw2SVn636Dn5fR3r0j37xbXzemCVXo-1VKYTLqRwopFQ0ASUHx3_KYx2zIUxi5y_3z-Ol62_09g52joeDQocMgtfsP1S-XdM0YaRw/s320/Alejo%202.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This
famous novel was followed by Baroque Concert (1974), a short work in which he
reconstructed, with meticulous detail and strict historical and musicological
rigor, the journey of a Creole through eighteenth-century Europe, accentuating
the functionality of music in his narrative, since the Book is organized and
structured on musical foundations. The same year he published The Resource of
the Method, in which he recreates the image of the illustrated tyrant, in a
Latin American version.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chronologically,
The Rite of Spring (1978) is placed next, a novel in which he recreated a story
set in times of the Cuban Revolution and which he had anticipated in the form
of a short story in The Silver Guests (1973). The Rite of Spring shows his
self-reflective process about revolutions, throughout a period that ranges from
the Soviet to the Castro, including the events of Playa Girón, and where the
Spanish Civil War and the echoes of the Second World War also appear. World
War. Finally, The Harp and the Shadow (1979), was a demystifying vision of
Christopher Columbus and the discovery of America through the story of an intimate
confession in which the Admiral, at death's door, decides to make a kind of
inventory. of his exploits and weaknesses.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">cradled
within a set that, although simple, is much vaster and deeper.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8WnXa9Yol083FGuviCFtMSqYk68qA0RTyD66TAGO1Vo8JAXTYIDhiEf0QgfPc5OMqLT3swgpcjN2i3anrqI2rAN7JqgPaYH9gtGgYlm1npw3jqWg4pyrD6dz1II0gS92KMcv_WvMVD95NxJnJl74e-LK1C14sEoP1wwP_2VnRaBI9G5gVy02TMY2V7Ls/s1500/stock-photo-cuba-circa-a-stamp-dedicated-to-latin-american-history-shows-a-cochleanthes-discolor-and-782281402.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1237" data-original-width="1500" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8WnXa9Yol083FGuviCFtMSqYk68qA0RTyD66TAGO1Vo8JAXTYIDhiEf0QgfPc5OMqLT3swgpcjN2i3anrqI2rAN7JqgPaYH9gtGgYlm1npw3jqWg4pyrD6dz1II0gS92KMcv_WvMVD95NxJnJl74e-LK1C14sEoP1wwP_2VnRaBI9G5gVy02TMY2V7Ls/s320/stock-photo-cuba-circa-a-stamp-dedicated-to-latin-american-history-shows-a-cochleanthes-discolor-and-782281402.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It is
also worth remembering its theoretical titles, such as Tientos y differences
(1964), Literature and political consciousness in Latin America (1969) and
Razón de ser (1976), essays collected in a volume published posthumously in
Havana, precisely under the generic title of Essays (1984). In 1977 he was
awarded the Cervantes Prize.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">How to
cite this article:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Fernández, Tomás and Tamaro, Elena. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">«Biography
of Alejo Carpentier». In Biographies and Lives. The online biographical
encyclopedia [Internet]. Barcelona, Spain, 2004. Available at </span><a href="https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biogr"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biogr</span></a><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3fBgISPUJ-X9t_TY-fMe9jKpVb3flS6Vbchz6OsEr_l_jSk3vlgMxZ0_DEs5IcPHlh4RT2HX-dMquqHaDARYp2NQysqUuyyUiQ108iS_x1dOyDsQ8qaW-SRFk3sZ4J_7O6OuEYM7iRKe3MDQO38EHcvBNCH80XtCJA1Gb3rdTIVwSNeafNftAn5e-Nxc/s340/alejo-carpentier1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="282" data-original-width="340" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3fBgISPUJ-X9t_TY-fMe9jKpVb3flS6Vbchz6OsEr_l_jSk3vlgMxZ0_DEs5IcPHlh4RT2HX-dMquqHaDARYp2NQysqUuyyUiQ108iS_x1dOyDsQ8qaW-SRFk3sZ4J_7O6OuEYM7iRKe3MDQO38EHcvBNCH80XtCJA1Gb3rdTIVwSNeafNftAn5e-Nxc/s320/alejo-carpentier1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwDx82Xzmw_ZqVM1vfMjN4dSjHcvDrxXdvec43Le8XRAjnq45CUXAbNu_IF3XiKTKs6oYT3ghSc75wtxPphyphenhyphen6F_4liCquniMinJDNf66MgEWdOylZ_Woahs37eA1IdFwBdGbUocr5uDQZApHxQx__7uBIXrDVzZ9XmG1SziMmPpWgrgXy9AMLDdFM9GuA/s719/AVT_Alejo-CarAlej6.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="460" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwDx82Xzmw_ZqVM1vfMjN4dSjHcvDrxXdvec43Le8XRAjnq45CUXAbNu_IF3XiKTKs6oYT3ghSc75wtxPphyphenhyphen6F_4liCquniMinJDNf66MgEWdOylZ_Woahs37eA1IdFwBdGbUocr5uDQZApHxQx__7uBIXrDVzZ9XmG1SziMmPpWgrgXy9AMLDdFM9GuA/s320/AVT_Alejo-CarAlej6.webp" width="205" /></a></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-38800950616156283382024-02-07T21:41:00.000-08:002024-02-07T21:41:09.590-08:00Tintoretto<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tintoretto<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Tintoretto <o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Self-Portrait<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDpJJ0hlCFM6jenL8uvb8dyjfWxgtcCWY3J_tEKmdWgTMpo8zP1GYxFBP45SaJ17JVIejpK4QXUvkcvmrmvk8ftF8lALWIyeDcR-40n4lD8dBZgIuKpCrjxB939Qeyw2HJTMpEgwpJwf8bQW_I20R_BQdMH5cR30ZHgbi7_BNmvQ_vWiCdmuUYF14fR-o/s1200/tintoretto%201.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="986" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDpJJ0hlCFM6jenL8uvb8dyjfWxgtcCWY3J_tEKmdWgTMpo8zP1GYxFBP45SaJ17JVIejpK4QXUvkcvmrmvk8ftF8lALWIyeDcR-40n4lD8dBZgIuKpCrjxB939Qeyw2HJTMpEgwpJwf8bQW_I20R_BQdMH5cR30ZHgbi7_BNmvQ_vWiCdmuUYF14fR-o/s320/tintoretto%201.webp" width="263" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Source: World History Encyclopaedia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tintoretto
(c. 1518-1594 CE), real name Jacopo Robusti, was an Italian Renaissance artist
who specialised in religious, mythological, and portrait paintings. A prolific
artist over a long career, the Venetian's masterpieces are famous for their
light, vibrant colouring, and dramatic composition. Major works include St.
George and the Dragon, now in the National Gallery in London, and his cycle of
paintings for the Scuola di San Rocco in Venice. Tintoretto's originality,
energetic figures, and technique of using quick sketches in chalk and paint
would be hugely influential on 17th-century CE artists.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Early
Life & Style<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tintoretto
was born in Venice c. 1518 CE, his given name being Jacopo Robusti. He acquired
his more famous nickname because his father was a dyer (tintore), and
Tintoretto means 'little dyer'. Appropriately enough, the artist would become
famous for the vibrant colouring in his work. Indeed, a motto commonly
attributed to him is "Michelangelo's drawing, and Titian's colour"
(Hale, 315), showing two of the biggest artistic influences on his work. The
artist began with modest works like decorated furniture and frescoes for
exterior walls, but it would be paintings, often very large canvases, that
became his forte.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">According
to Carlo Ridolfi, who wrote his biography of Tintoretto in 1648 CE (Le
maraviglie dell'arte), the young artist studied under his fellow-Venetian
Titian (c. 1487-1576 CE), and it is true that his paintings do combine the
dramatic postures and composition seen in the work of Michelangelo (1475-1564
CE) and the rich colours used by Titian. Tintoretto, though, was a superb
draughtsman, and here he differed from his one-time master, who preferred the
technique of colore (or colorito), that is using the juxtaposition of colours
to define a composition, to that of disegno, the technique which emphasised the
importance of defining form using lines. Ridolfi mentions that Titian and
Tintoretto's relationship was a stormy one, and perhaps this divergence of
technique, colour versus line drawing, was the source of much dispute.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBJ2XI5flI6IPklor65eaRVzaxQwsxn7v0VZP1Kgn21YeLkY1Y8mOZAxNEDJ4xOGly6HoBJrqHBSlTJ3p1E66cKN7OVEr0NUoN8cy9FTomgUDXvxGzWz_NU687cR06Uvr4nGIZqunm0SuEMGxuxYAP1rwk4CopzYXNMLmhTli2e0yte-ofU48Ou4aHx-k/s1337/la%20ultima%20cena.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="850" data-original-width="1337" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBJ2XI5flI6IPklor65eaRVzaxQwsxn7v0VZP1Kgn21YeLkY1Y8mOZAxNEDJ4xOGly6HoBJrqHBSlTJ3p1E66cKN7OVEr0NUoN8cy9FTomgUDXvxGzWz_NU687cR06Uvr4nGIZqunm0SuEMGxuxYAP1rwk4CopzYXNMLmhTli2e0yte-ofU48Ou4aHx-k/s320/la%20ultima%20cena.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Last
Supper by Tintoretto<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Web
Gallery of Art (Public Domain)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Another
feature of Tintoretto's artistic style is the light source, which often creates
unusual and dramatic areas of colour and shadow in the scene. The effect was
achieved by the artist first creating a miniature wax model of the human figure
he wanted to paint and assembling a number of these models inside a box. The
models could then be moved around and an artificial light source arranged in
different positions to create different and unusual effects of light and
shadow. The energy that Tintoretto then instilled in his muscular figures with
their unusual poses - what would become known as the Mannerist style or
Mannerism - and the rapidity with which he sketched using chalk or paint in
order to capture the fluidity of movement of the human body, all acted as a
major influence on artists who followed in the 17th century CE. During his own
career, however, the speed at which Tintoretto painted and the sometimes lack
of finish in his work was a frequent source of criticism.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">TINTORETTO'S
PAINTINGS OFTEN SHOW QUICK BRUSHSTROKES, AT LEAST IN THE FINAL LAYERS OF THE
WORK.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tintoretto
first gained notice after painting a large series of octagonal ceiling panels
with mythological scenes in a private Venetian palace. This was followed up
with a series of frescoes for Palazzo Zen in the same city, this time in
collaboration with Andrea Meldolla (aka Schiavone). Unfortunately, only
fragments of these frescoes survive but the technique, a fast one made
necessary by the rapidity of the paint drying, must have interested Tintoretto
as his later paintings often show the same quick brushstrokes, at least in the
final layers of the work.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Tintoretto Workshop<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1555
CE Tintoretto married Faustina Episcopi, with whom he had eight children. For
the next decade the artist was occupied with paintings with a biblical theme
for Venice's Madonna dell'Orto church. Tintoretto remained in Venice for most
of his career where he won commissions from various civic authorities,
charitable institutions, and the Doge (ruler) of the city. The Venetian painter
ran a large workshop to cope with the demand, overseeing the production of
paintings on all manner of religious subjects, although allegorical pieces
seemed to be his favourite. The artist's fame ensured that his workshop was
visited by artists from far and wide, including from the Netherlands and
Germany. It was also at this workshop that Tintoretto trained his son, Domenico
Tintoretto (c. 1560-1635 CE) who later became a famous painter in his own
right, particularly of portraits. Two more of Tintoretto's children were
apprentices, his son Marco (1561-1637 CE) and daughter Marietta (c. 1556-1590
CE). Domenico certainly worked on a number of pieces with his father, and it
was he who carried on running the workshop when his father died in Venice in
1594 CE. Tintoretto was buried in the church of Madonna dell'Orto.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Miracle
of St. Mark by Tintoretto<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Didier
Descouens (CC BY-SA)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Major
Works<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Miracle of St. Mark<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_li7UZogODAdkBKFtvJVcH2yt4EgRSGHanbsrNquvsvW2JkuBTy6KOGiQOpmJvzXs8C3QlgcG3TTPkK7KANzgOtdaZ8jrJrkI-zxfYS8IEF99qsaO3muQFxgwOQiesb4BEcWhXopPDGiY1fbApSCmP12UadwH-CP03Blw5zpPt-yrV_Px7YwMrM8dnbU/s1500/el%20milagro%20del%20esclavo.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1147" data-original-width="1500" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_li7UZogODAdkBKFtvJVcH2yt4EgRSGHanbsrNquvsvW2JkuBTy6KOGiQOpmJvzXs8C3QlgcG3TTPkK7KANzgOtdaZ8jrJrkI-zxfYS8IEF99qsaO3muQFxgwOQiesb4BEcWhXopPDGiY1fbApSCmP12UadwH-CP03Blw5zpPt-yrV_Px7YwMrM8dnbU/s320/el%20milagro%20del%20esclavo.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Tintoretto's
paintings can be broadly divided into three main areas: religious subjects,
mythological allegories, and portraits. In 1548 CE Tintoretto produced his
celebrated Miracle of Saint Mark Rescuing a Slave, now in the Academia of
Venice. Commissioned by the Confraternity of San Marco, it is a triumph of
light and darkness and surprised its audience with its energy and drama. The
falling, twisting depiction of Venice's patron saint in the centre of the
picture is highly unusual for a painting and seems more fitting for a ceiling
fresco. It is a clear influence from Michelangelo's work. The writhing crowd
provides another source of hectic movement, the figures arranged, as so often
in Renaissance art, into an approximate triangle. The naked martyr in the
foreground is foreshortened and leads the viewer's eye irresistibly into the
crowd. In a typical example of Renaissance artistic deference to patrons, the
chief officer of the confraternity, one Tomasso Rangone, appears in the bottom
left corner of the painting. However, the fact that the confraternity did not
take possession of the painting until 14 years after its completion suggests
the work was rather too radical for immediate acceptance.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Around
1555 CE Tintoretto produced another masterpiece, Susanna at her Bath, which
shows the story of the biblical figure who bathes while being spied upon by two
old men. The naked figure of Susanna and the silver-coloured elements of the
composition are strikingly bright compared to the gloomy elements of the background.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhje-smVaIY-H1stbKvtOBHCrlHyzy8HlH7qRTKU9GxC6qSZtLHB6u511eyxzPYHDREPjUqDClCFZ_JBwGW4oU30-SNJssKbsbJC8qzPDaugHhQxBKySI_Da3R04hOVTcXMxSe5kDljc5a6w-Qcr3fx4eNhcqHooUepmgterQU66nYjAo7PyAH9YsPTU7g/s1500/san%20jorge%20y%20el%20dragon.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1500" data-original-width="906" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhje-smVaIY-H1stbKvtOBHCrlHyzy8HlH7qRTKU9GxC6qSZtLHB6u511eyxzPYHDREPjUqDClCFZ_JBwGW4oU30-SNJssKbsbJC8qzPDaugHhQxBKySI_Da3R04hOVTcXMxSe5kDljc5a6w-Qcr3fx4eNhcqHooUepmgterQU66nYjAo7PyAH9YsPTU7g/s320/san%20jorge%20y%20el%20dragon.webp" width="193" /></a></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Saint
George & the Dragon by Tintoretto<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Google
Cultural Institute (Public Domain)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Saint
George and the Dragon painting, produced around 1570 CE, is another of the
great masterpieces. The scene displays typical features of Tintoretto's style.
Firstly, the background landscape seems to drift off into infinity, stretching
the scene out and bringing the human figures closer to the viewer. The
white-walled city at the very back of the painting is painted in such a vague
way that it seems unreal. Then, the two figures in the painting are simply
bursting with energy. Further, both figures seem to be off-balance. Saint
George is falling to the left and slightly away from the viewer while the
female figure in the foreground seems to be falling forward towards the viewer
as she flees the dragon. The tension caused by this polar movement is something
that can be seen in many of the artist's paintings. Finally, the light shining
from the angelic figure in the sky above is so arranged as to resemble a stage
spotlight, reminding of the artist's technique of using miniature wax models. A
near-contemporary painting of the Saint George is The Origin of the Milky Way,
now in the National Gallery in London.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyb46QSWUJf-pnJ3ulZZLGseCMAGBcgzCNyERUPGxESGlsLWiCANWkPyAN6Jn1MTKcYwsXR0df8VT0terK3VXKiyMiEBZoUu1aCKtmaxdnamv6Lo-BCiNYCgtRQcbIBn-841z2Oi5oFyauvIw0ImCnROOzHuDV_LJQZQ6vVh1QCM317G4E7-NbrgrUzOU/s1054/moises%20y%20el%20agua%20de%20la%20roca.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1054" data-original-width="1000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyb46QSWUJf-pnJ3ulZZLGseCMAGBcgzCNyERUPGxESGlsLWiCANWkPyAN6Jn1MTKcYwsXR0df8VT0terK3VXKiyMiEBZoUu1aCKtmaxdnamv6Lo-BCiNYCgtRQcbIBn-841z2Oi5oFyauvIw0ImCnROOzHuDV_LJQZQ6vVh1QCM317G4E7-NbrgrUzOU/s320/moises%20y%20el%20agua%20de%20la%20roca.webp" width="304" /></a></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Moses
Drawing Water from the Rock by Tintoretto<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Web
Gallery of Art (Public Domain)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Scuola di San Rocco<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">While
still producing such paintings mentioned already, Tintoretto's major
commission, perhaps his greatest life's work, was the series of oil on canvas
paintings in the Salla dell'Albergo and lower hall of Venice's Scuola Grande di
San Rocco. Scuole were charitable organizations, and the San Rocco one was able
to afford such lavish decorations because it was doing rather well from public
contributions. This was because Saint Rocco was considered a great protector
against the Black Death, then ravaging Europe for the umpteenth time.
Tintoretto had won the competition to see which artist would decorate the
scuola by secretly going into one of its rooms and hanging up one of his
paintings. The artist was also a member of the confraternity, and this, along
with a promise to give some paintings for free, must have helped his bid for
the contract. A special three-man committee was, nevertheless, set up by the
scuola, in order to examine and judge if each painting was worthy of inclusion.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">TINTORETTO'S
PAINTINGS ARE CELEBRATED FOR THE LIGHTING, DISTORTED PERSPECTIVES &
RELENTLESS ACTION WITHIN THE SCENES.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Begun in
1564 CE, Tintoretto continued to work on the room for the next 17 years. The
finished works were hung on the walls and from the ceiling, and they show
scenes from the Old Testament, the life of Jesus Christ, and episodes involving
the Virgin Mary. The works include the massive 12.2 metres (40 ft) wide canvas
the Crucifixion, the Christ before Pilate, and Moses Drawing Water from the
Rock. The figures in these works are remarkable for the lighting, distorted
perspectives, and relentless action within the scenes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
original ideas Tintoretto produced for the scuola led the famed art historian
Giorgio Vasari to comment in the 1568 CE update of his The Lives of the Most
Excellent Italian Architects, Painters, and Sculptors, that Tintoretto was
"the most extraordinary brain that the art of painting has produced."
(Pallucchini). And this was when Vasari had still not seen the completed works.
When finally finished in 1581 CE, Tintoretto had given the Scuola 18 painted
ceiling panels and 10 large paintings which functioned admirably as a pictorial
narrative of the most important episodes of the Bible.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Paradise
by Tintoretto<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYx_0a3NoQZ0ro8SzpBTnWmTehiazIxVO_H7ZgkSkjqD_2CEePXPCX-3PDhxQzutm5ZSzvxk28GOovXAAjGtJHR6TsrBk6R7PQkAbZZHoyYQQ58fQ4-4-aWXR9EMhr49q7PkTSfBL-aphJHqMQsN82HctjXJSEBFoI8Fz1Dt1U30yxz0-a7JAwoRJ7w-Q/s1289/el%20paraiso.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="1289" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYx_0a3NoQZ0ro8SzpBTnWmTehiazIxVO_H7ZgkSkjqD_2CEePXPCX-3PDhxQzutm5ZSzvxk28GOovXAAjGtJHR6TsrBk6R7PQkAbZZHoyYQQ58fQ4-4-aWXR9EMhr49q7PkTSfBL-aphJHqMQsN82HctjXJSEBFoI8Fz1Dt1U30yxz0-a7JAwoRJ7w-Q/s320/el%20paraiso.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Web
Gallery of Art (Public Domain)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Doge's
Palace & Portraits<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1588
CE the Italian painter completed one of many commissions for the Doge of
Venice, the Paradise painting. This was the largest canvas he ever produced and
was hung across one entire wall of the Great Council Hall. However, now over 70
years of age, it is very likely many of the works for the palace were executed
or completed by suitably qualified members of Tintoretto's workshop. One of the
final masterpieces was the celebrated Last Supper painting for the church of S.
Giorgio Maggiore. Worked on between 1592 and 1594 CE, the Last Supper is
recognised as a tour de force of Mannerism.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Like many
successful Renaissance artists, Tintoretto was frequently called upon to
produce portraits of the rich and powerful. Two examples are his representation
of Doge Alvise Mocenigo, r. 1470-77 CE (Academia, Venice), and the nobleman
Vincenzo Morosini (National Gallery, London). He even found time for a
self-portrait or two, one of which is now in the Louvre, Paris.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Did you
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">EDITORIAL
REVIEW<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">This
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Bibliography<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hale,
J.R. (ed). The Thames & Hudson Dictionary of the Italian Renaissance.
Thames & Hudson, 2020.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pallucchini,
Rudolfo. "Tintoretto." Encyclopedia Britannica, 2020.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Paoletti,
John T. & Radke, Gary M. Art in Renaissance Italy. Pearson, 2011.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Rundle,
David. The Hutchinson Encyclopedia of the Renaissance. Hodder Arnold, 2000.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">World
History Encyclopedia is an Amazon Associate and earns a commission on
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">About the
Author<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mark
Cartwright<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mark
Cartwright<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mark is a
full-time author, researcher, historian, and editor. Special interests include
art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. He
holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Translations<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">FRENCH
SPANISH<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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people all over the world to learn about history. Help us and translate</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">With affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-72032291197164003632024-01-30T16:09:00.000-08:002024-01-30T23:26:20.598-08:00Henry David Thoreau Quotes 1<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Henry
David Thoreau Quotes 1<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4IcSx4MALmLpwKZZt221wF08F_2GTuzzywvBdh6vaai7jfmT9-PAOlo2O_h0Z2rmhLnlTVq3GjpyCjCj3lxgZAdcINzBitecyPMCElT5Pvlu9mhQDT9sVUN40FdCGUq-bQWaCPgQSBhnO-nqR5AJds89Tsl72ETZczNeGtOQa_ghpT6q3YbXmWroSYsc/s707/60-Best-Henry-David-Thoreau-Quotes-707x600.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="707" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4IcSx4MALmLpwKZZt221wF08F_2GTuzzywvBdh6vaai7jfmT9-PAOlo2O_h0Z2rmhLnlTVq3GjpyCjCj3lxgZAdcINzBitecyPMCElT5Pvlu9mhQDT9sVUN40FdCGUq-bQWaCPgQSBhnO-nqR5AJds89Tsl72ETZczNeGtOQa_ghpT6q3YbXmWroSYsc/s320/60-Best-Henry-David-Thoreau-Quotes-707x600.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></b></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhePvC5qTKnC_wiyDhwlqHbMsUb-6f73_COenhxvW48ScjA5DiTvsjmj-om0HV3xiukuPI9HakGvxE8f5kPV9V2XqqydT37aEYg8RNpQwj1TSCMYVQ4PA8y-z2U-q-z7knSjamYx4WBRyDLIIYErqjMY7RWA4AB9Jnzx2Ild1sslmxXa-pNh3GnM_RcJRY/s1200/henrydavidthoreau1-2x.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1200" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhePvC5qTKnC_wiyDhwlqHbMsUb-6f73_COenhxvW48ScjA5DiTvsjmj-om0HV3xiukuPI9HakGvxE8f5kPV9V2XqqydT37aEYg8RNpQwj1TSCMYVQ4PA8y-z2U-q-z7knSjamYx4WBRyDLIIYErqjMY7RWA4AB9Jnzx2Ild1sslmxXa-pNh3GnM_RcJRY/s320/henrydavidthoreau1-2x.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">to live the life which he has imagined, he will
meet with a success unexpected in common hours<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me
truth.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">If a man does not keep pace with his companions,
perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer. Let him step to the music
which he hears, however measured or far away<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">4.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">What lies behind us and what lies ahead of us are
tiny matters compared to what lives within us.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">5.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The price of anything is the amount of life you
exchange for it.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">6.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Not until we are lost do we begin to understand
ourselves.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">7.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There is no remedy for love but to love more.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">8.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It is not enough to be busy. So are the ants. The
question is: What are we busy about?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">9.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The mass of men lead lives of quiet desperation.
What is called resignation is confirmed desperation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">10.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Make the
most of your regrets; never smother your sorrow, but tend and cherish it till
it comes to have a separate and integral interest. To regret deeply is to live
afresh.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">11.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">know of no more encouraging fact than the
unquestionable ability of man to elevate his life by conscious endeavour.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">12.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Disobedience
is the true foundation of liberty. The obedient must be slaves.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">13.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">You must
live in the present, launch yourself on every wave, find your eternity in each
moment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">14.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Goodness
is the only investment that never fails.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">15.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">You must
live in the present, launch yourself on every wave, find your eternity in each
moment.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">16.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nature is
full of genius, full of the divinity; so that not a snowflake escapes its
fashioning hand.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">17.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">If you have built castles in the air, your work
need not be lost; that is where they should be. Now put the foundations under
them.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">18.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">As if you
could kill time without injuring eternity.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">19.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Live the
life you've dreamed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;">20.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">None are
so old as those who have outlived enthusiasm.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->
</p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family: Georgia;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXrrmDbzkS9iK-FnKXPSrgddkYD7nwqc_0OELWsf5kfp0Stw2iRXP4yQ_31tjMGBRctBEhSoXRfF3hi1bntmmob7JJUDyjwPQjvaKnZch4bZZYv1eARidT2b2IMaVKPcTOygEQmmCLTQDLCc6BNBBzA08Zy5gdYBUrXrq1rHtMO7XatvJroEzQA5EhYFY/s600/henrydavidthoreau1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="600" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXrrmDbzkS9iK-FnKXPSrgddkYD7nwqc_0OELWsf5kfp0Stw2iRXP4yQ_31tjMGBRctBEhSoXRfF3hi1bntmmob7JJUDyjwPQjvaKnZch4bZZYv1eARidT2b2IMaVKPcTOygEQmmCLTQDLCc6BNBBzA08Zy5gdYBUrXrq1rHtMO7XatvJroEzQA5EhYFY/s320/henrydavidthoreau1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-10697532119147582842024-01-28T23:52:00.000-08:002024-01-29T00:16:37.285-08:00enry David Thoreau<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Henry
David Thoreau<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh17JXDtKG6yfm-LtI8Tv9u9DJysR5JhCr9to8_Bn76eqz2G4rWQrfuxVEH-aVNnUoC2DFUk_nkS_2YbGE25QrXQl5Jr0bKcydxOrWFy6TRimGeDV3KJgY3bhHOlITHnCH5H0HG35Kwh1pjz7Zu45QINGBdrNC6wNBbv52z0Fufg3w9FXvnn095F0-ce_A/s263/263px-Henry_D_Thoreau_signature.svg.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="61" data-original-width="263" height="61" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh17JXDtKG6yfm-LtI8Tv9u9DJysR5JhCr9to8_Bn76eqz2G4rWQrfuxVEH-aVNnUoC2DFUk_nkS_2YbGE25QrXQl5Jr0bKcydxOrWFy6TRimGeDV3KJgY3bhHOlITHnCH5H0HG35Kwh1pjz7Zu45QINGBdrNC6wNBbv52z0Fufg3w9FXvnn095F0-ce_A/s1600/263px-Henry_D_Thoreau_signature.svg.png" width="263" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0KzvJES2PZ6k6QMnRB6DPMJrM4EjG1b_6KyTNm2yfmwsK3cVuWh3CSRw3dlEBmSJrc5avUAZCltsoCtgzcqI1tDfl0Wq1XJSSpJPNFZ6sazoU3Ip4s7w-AkodVZtysCpe34Ajwc3cZFITPqV7xP0KGFO98aljiYbdkOLcvRJDOA6_dFDYkkTZYYs8A0U/s1500/1%20portrait%20david.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1022" data-original-width="1500" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0KzvJES2PZ6k6QMnRB6DPMJrM4EjG1b_6KyTNm2yfmwsK3cVuWh3CSRw3dlEBmSJrc5avUAZCltsoCtgzcqI1tDfl0Wq1XJSSpJPNFZ6sazoU3Ip4s7w-AkodVZtysCpe34Ajwc3cZFITPqV7xP0KGFO98aljiYbdkOLcvRJDOA6_dFDYkkTZYYs8A0U/s320/1%20portrait%20david.webp" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;">Portrait of Henry David Thoreau<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.12px;"> Portrait of Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), 1847. Private Collection. Heritage Images / Getty Images</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;">American
Essayist<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Portrait
of American Author, Poet, and Naturalist Henry David Thoreau.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By Lily
Rockefeller<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Updated
on November 29, 2019<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Henry
David Thoreau (July 12, 1817-May 6, 1862) was an American essayist,
philosopher, and poet. Thoreau’s writing is heavily influenced by his own life,
in particular his time living at Walden Pond. He has a lasting and celebrated
reputation for embracing non-conformity, the virtues of a life lived for
leisure and contemplation, and the dignity of the individual.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Fast
Facts: Henry David Thoreau<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Known
For: His involvement in transcendentalism and his book Walden<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Born:
July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Parents:
John Thoreau and Cynthia Dunbar<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Died: May
6, 1862 in Concord, Massachusetts<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Education:
Harvard College<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Selected
Published Works: A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849), “Civil
Disobedience” (1849), Walden (1854), “Slavery in Massachusetts” (1854),
“Walking" (1864)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Notable
Quote: “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front
only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to
teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.” (From
Walden)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Early
Life and Education (1817-1838)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Henry
David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts, the son of
John Thoreau and his wife, Cynthia Dunbar. The New England family was modest:
Thoreau’s father was involved with the Concord fire department and ran a pencil
factory, while his mother rented out parts of their house to boarders and cared
for the children. Actually named David Henry at birth in honor of his late
uncle David Thoreau, he was always known as Henry, although he never had his
name changed officially. The third of four children, Thoreau spent a peaceful
childhood in Concord, celebrating especially the natural beauty of the village.
When he was 11, his parents sent him to Concord Academy, where he did so well that
he was encouraged to apply to college.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1833,
when he was 16 years old, Thoreau began his studies at Harvard College,
following in the steps of his grandfather. His older siblings, Helen and John
Jr., helped pay his tuition from their salaries. He was a strong student, but
was ambivalent to the college’s ranking system, preferring to pursue his own
projects and interests. This independent spirit also saw him taking a brief
absence from the college in 1835 to teach at a school in Canton, Massachusetts,
and was an attribute that would define the rest of his life.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7YUDK7CP7PVJgQS-nBNlOczq556ppaYFPQ7WRpoZWjVaCqwgE86ep-u27kEMoOou_ON1x1nXczT2RM_gOTZJIZA8Jv7aL4xmYFnY-EC5K1h2olhBsvan73ZkqPjUOD_p4F3ZYpa1eGHdjv-iZho8PXUK4z_wa_PohPJ3Dv26yJJiHitPCIAsYGsWz6vQ/s929/david%202.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="929" data-original-width="750" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7YUDK7CP7PVJgQS-nBNlOczq556ppaYFPQ7WRpoZWjVaCqwgE86ep-u27kEMoOou_ON1x1nXczT2RM_gOTZJIZA8Jv7aL4xmYFnY-EC5K1h2olhBsvan73ZkqPjUOD_p4F3ZYpa1eGHdjv-iZho8PXUK4z_wa_PohPJ3Dv26yJJiHitPCIAsYGsWz6vQ/s320/david%202.webp" width="258" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p><span style="background: white; color: #282828;"> </span><span class="figure-article-caption-text">Portrait of Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), 1847.
Private Collection.</span> <span class="figure-article-caption-owner"> Heritage Images / Getty Images.</span> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Early
Career Changes (1835-1838)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When he
graduated in 1837 in the middle of his class, Thoreau was uncertain what to do
next. Uninterested in a career in medicine, law, or ministry, as was common for
educated men, Thoreau decided to continue working in education. He secured a
place at a school in Concord, but he found he could not administer corporal
punishment. After two weeks, he quit.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thoreau
went to work for his father’s pencil factory for a short time. In June of 1838
he set up a school with his brother John, though when John became ill just
three years later, they shut it down. In 1838, however, he and John took a
life-changing canoe trip along the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, and Thoreau
began considering a career as a poet of nature.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Friendship
With Emerson (1839-1844)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1837,
when Thoreau was a sophomore at Harvard, Ralph Waldo Emerson settled in
Concord. Thoreau had already encountered Emerson’s writing in the book Nature.
By autumn that year, the two kindred spirits had become friends, brought
together by similar outlooks: both trusted staunchly in self-reliance, the
dignity of the individual, and the metaphysical power of nature. Although they
would have a somewhat tumultuous relationship, Thoreau ultimately found both a
father and a friend in Emerson. It was Emerson who asked his protégé if he kept
a journal (a lifelong habit of the older poet’s), prompting Thoreau to begin
his own journal in late 1837, a habit which he, too, maintained for almost his
entire life up until two months before his death. The journal spans thousands
of pages, and many of Thoreau’s writings were originally developed from notes
in this journal.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">THOREAU'S
JOURNAL<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqwC6jMTTIfQ-E7qJnlbn3gdgZParsD_GsFKpTaViUUjfDqmGcSZJeoSY6B2jT-_4ZUyRe0xU9OXeiMru_DbIFtiGiCojxTjtEuDv2x4aGb80UkEhxw6kCtPd0yuO6G7yGJz5q0U1a3y_YyHYLWbIzBwsdwn92M9bTMYnuW75yFSbu5jqS2Ko_r5MWHw8/s750/3%20journal.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="750" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqwC6jMTTIfQ-E7qJnlbn3gdgZParsD_GsFKpTaViUUjfDqmGcSZJeoSY6B2jT-_4ZUyRe0xU9OXeiMru_DbIFtiGiCojxTjtEuDv2x4aGb80UkEhxw6kCtPd0yuO6G7yGJz5q0U1a3y_YyHYLWbIzBwsdwn92M9bTMYnuW75yFSbu5jqS2Ko_r5MWHw8/s320/3%20journal.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thoreau's journal. Reproduced from a
photograph of the actual volume.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Public
Domain<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1840,
Thoreau met and fell in love with a young woman visiting Concord by the name of
Ellen Sewall. Although she accepted his proposal, her parents objected to the
match and she immediately broke off the engagement. Thoreau would never make a
proposal again and never married.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thoreau
moved in with the Emersons for a time in 1841. Emerson encouraged the young man
to pursue his literary leanings, and Thoreau embraced the profession of poet,
producing many poems as well as essays. While living with the Emersons, Thoreau
served as a tutor for the children, a repairman, a gardener, and ultimately an
editor of Emerson’s works. In 1840, Emerson’s literary group, the
transcendentalists, began the literary journal The Dial. The first issue
published Thoreau’s poem “Sympathy” and his essay “Aulus Persius Flaccus,” on
the Roman poet, and Thoreau continued contributing his poetry and prose to the
magazine, including in 1842 with the first of his many nature essays, “Natural
History of Massachusetts.” He continued publishing with The Dial until its
shuttering in 1844 due to financial troubles.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thoreau
became restless while living with the Emersons. In 1842 his brother John had
died a traumatic death in Thoreau’s arms, having contracted tetanus from
cutting his finger while shaving, and Thoreau was struggling with the grief.
Ultimately, Thoreau decided to move to New York, living with Emerson’s brother
William on Staten Island, tutoring his children, and attempting to make
connections among the New York literary market. Although he felt he was unsuccessful
and he despised city life, it was in New York that Thoreau met Horace Greeley,
who was to become his literary agent and a promoter of his work. He left New
York in 1843 and returned to Concord. He worked partly at his father’s
business, making pencils and working with graphite.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Within
two years he felt he needed another change, and wanted to finish the book he
had begun, inspired by his river canoe trip in 1838. Taken by the idea of a
Harvard classmate, who had once built a hut by the water in which to read and
think, Thoreau decided to take part in a similar experiment.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Walden
Pond (1845-1847</span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Emerson
bequeathed to him the land he owned by Walden Pond, a small lake two miles
south of Concord. In early 1845, at the age of 27, Thoreau started chopping
down trees and building himself a small cabin on the shores of the lake. On
July 4, 1845, he officially moved into the house in which he would live for two
years, two months, and two days, officially beginning his famous experiment.
These were to be some of the most satisfying years of Thoreau’s life.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thoreau's
Cabin at Walden Pond<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaFTMx8ZNbDCA3tKz6USKlzX-aIUNATd5cKW6jnawGvRIeeS23_JIfAICa45zNdCiB7VHTaunuBAPj1a6994n8K6Jgi6QnxW9kKgDGCVMWtvFSGriXFhfrbFTV8XyCClxuOyIiZQbtYljGXgAm5CHxHy1KSX-LEQXSUhALQ-dG5hT-cPoFDD1WJ3-R3Rs/s612/istockphoto-187487736-612x612.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="408" data-original-width="612" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaFTMx8ZNbDCA3tKz6USKlzX-aIUNATd5cKW6jnawGvRIeeS23_JIfAICa45zNdCiB7VHTaunuBAPj1a6994n8K6Jgi6QnxW9kKgDGCVMWtvFSGriXFhfrbFTV8XyCClxuOyIiZQbtYljGXgAm5CHxHy1KSX-LEQXSUhALQ-dG5hT-cPoFDD1WJ3-R3Rs/s320/istockphoto-187487736-612x612.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Recreation of Thoreau's Cabin at Walden Pond
in Massachusetts. Nick Pedersen / Getty</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Images<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_efq9YTNh-JewqrwRGZ273kRB2W64bl7QSUUb86xWtY5ZDp5cG-TpA0fgKhR9okn5zVQwjCh0Bndh4iLuXdfHDABXbO1c3DHhfwb2xbyzHlBe84XogoKPwAGkFvg1vXLJt8caXbsoRIuXJM2bVukZGgq7SsNGNmk6YY0kDfvjRhR0E9VWJ_RW20oi6n8/s750/4%20david%20cabin.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_efq9YTNh-JewqrwRGZ273kRB2W64bl7QSUUb86xWtY5ZDp5cG-TpA0fgKhR9okn5zVQwjCh0Bndh4iLuXdfHDABXbO1c3DHhfwb2xbyzHlBe84XogoKPwAGkFvg1vXLJt8caXbsoRIuXJM2bVukZGgq7SsNGNmk6YY0kDfvjRhR0E9VWJ_RW20oi6n8/s320/4%20david%20cabin.webp" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; mso-spacerun: yes; text-align: center;"> </span><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;">Thoreau's Furniture from his Walden cabin. Bettmann / Getty Images</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmOi5Vzken9Bh8qEuREDDtpfGeOfOf-bKTdnwlUlqiVy9hTXziKK_ZYCbCTD8Nmcy4fEycj3M4eZy9HuujVCdgLLy_gmDRApNZpK9iKWdfJN5-EbZpbUIoLXsdDdEYqo4gRa0FwUbPpFmfghGwhNNUDkqIadE1Cvpfu59x_9wNY_FMAivqO7NbATqc9Dc/s750/5%20furniture.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="455" data-original-width="750" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmOi5Vzken9Bh8qEuREDDtpfGeOfOf-bKTdnwlUlqiVy9hTXziKK_ZYCbCTD8Nmcy4fEycj3M4eZy9HuujVCdgLLy_gmDRApNZpK9iKWdfJN5-EbZpbUIoLXsdDdEYqo4gRa0FwUbPpFmfghGwhNNUDkqIadE1Cvpfu59x_9wNY_FMAivqO7NbATqc9Dc/s320/5%20furniture.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijWnxlbLmuCG6hGa9AaFqsm0adVltzqw5dWXDAAUa043IoLESnzLGK_Mb5uJm8Bb8hbdw8lJLfx6vR4PI_LMBQA7vK_CkFy5-oK1Fzy_p3ZVFYwC6RKIUATncyWpAi2a48lQGgZEDKEw_RgpKVFxA8HhV-T3QOiBFPJ-cQeF21gu65x4LZbFRe2Hz4qX4/s495/The_interior_of_Thoreaus_original_cabin_replica,_Walden_Pond.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="330" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijWnxlbLmuCG6hGa9AaFqsm0adVltzqw5dWXDAAUa043IoLESnzLGK_Mb5uJm8Bb8hbdw8lJLfx6vR4PI_LMBQA7vK_CkFy5-oK1Fzy_p3ZVFYwC6RKIUATncyWpAi2a48lQGgZEDKEw_RgpKVFxA8HhV-T3QOiBFPJ-cQeF21gu65x4LZbFRe2Hz4qX4/s320/The_interior_of_Thoreaus_original_cabin_replica,_Walden_Pond.jpg" width="213" /></a></div><br />
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">His
lifestyle at Walden was ascetic, informed by his desire to live a life as basic
and self-sufficient as possible. While he would often walk into Concord, two
miles away, and ate with his family once a week, Thoreau spent almost every
night in his cottage on the banks of the lake. His diet consisted mostly of the
food he found growing wild in the general area, although he also planted and
harvested his own beans. Remaining active with gardening, fishing, rowing, and
swimming, Thoreau also spent lots of time documenting the local flora and
fauna. When he was not busy with the cultivation of his food, Thoreau turned to
his inner cultivation, mainly through meditation. Most significantly, Thoreau
spent his time in contemplation, reading and writing. His writing focused
mainly on the book he had already begun, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack
Rivers (1849), which chronicled the trip he spent canoeing with his older
brother that ultimately inspired him to be become a poet of nature.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifTtIAOoSkHPttxVymqD3rPh4Q74FgIdSKOs9o_CF3zlmDX8ggS3OXZib1NVuMYgep83kEFILsvil0Iv5p0EXV-zzCJeGCvKal40sj4Vr88MpQuIgy3mCmaJ0DNO4BzZAW9Zj4vd2Qa1_GibKANGz9wG-UdSy-fapV6Cr2j8hBVLwP3pB-oAwtil8c8jU/s330/330px-Walden_Pond.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="264" data-original-width="330" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifTtIAOoSkHPttxVymqD3rPh4Q74FgIdSKOs9o_CF3zlmDX8ggS3OXZib1NVuMYgep83kEFILsvil0Iv5p0EXV-zzCJeGCvKal40sj4Vr88MpQuIgy3mCmaJ0DNO4BzZAW9Zj4vd2Qa1_GibKANGz9wG-UdSy-fapV6Cr2j8hBVLwP3pB-oAwtil8c8jU/s320/330px-Walden_Pond.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLVUqiiBqCcd0O1SfMh9cdfnlmzEIj_Z9PlsF-Jmy-GD1kXZXBJTSNqP8bJ9otI7bISDf1ralXO48i72JcGIH37_-Z-Ms5Ue_KkwiwvP8tOZP6prVMopOYfBreWEikijTF9gxqZ8ZHFWvC8Xpmee1lEAmba5X3RWVlsMaCzPQ0MImhF4kfYljpJaCXWJo/s330/Walden_Pond_in_October,_Concord_MA.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="330" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLVUqiiBqCcd0O1SfMh9cdfnlmzEIj_Z9PlsF-Jmy-GD1kXZXBJTSNqP8bJ9otI7bISDf1ralXO48i72JcGIH37_-Z-Ms5Ue_KkwiwvP8tOZP6prVMopOYfBreWEikijTF9gxqZ8ZHFWvC8Xpmee1lEAmba5X3RWVlsMaCzPQ0MImhF4kfYljpJaCXWJo/s320/Walden_Pond_in_October,_Concord_MA.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqBsFhK2TO_icbGX2wNuo0Ve3dRgNojzBttJ_zjBR6EmlsXzzd-QVRJ7GSs5bnfkhRx5U-bzBiKZnp0ynFodQbklshDFp499fCjmNUhFPm1TJH7K1RkhBX-mtSscbEtEppRPSaYaW_fgyP2YvcuCsBXXVp3gb05hdxMh0skDeWNQwDElvQnMVLaTg_BlM/s330/View_of_south_face_of_Ragged_Mountain_(New_Hampshire).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="247" data-original-width="330" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqBsFhK2TO_icbGX2wNuo0Ve3dRgNojzBttJ_zjBR6EmlsXzzd-QVRJ7GSs5bnfkhRx5U-bzBiKZnp0ynFodQbklshDFp499fCjmNUhFPm1TJH7K1RkhBX-mtSscbEtEppRPSaYaW_fgyP2YvcuCsBXXVp3gb05hdxMh0skDeWNQwDElvQnMVLaTg_BlM/s320/View_of_south_face_of_Ragged_Mountain_(New_Hampshire).jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><o:p><br /></o:p><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thoreau
also maintained a fastidious journal of this time of simplicity and satisfying
contemplation. He was to return to his experience on the shore of that lake in
just a few years to write the literary classic known as Walden (1854), arguably
Thoreau’s greatest work.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After
Walden and “Civil Disobedience” (1847-1850)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A Week on
the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Civil
Disobedience" (1849)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5JfZogHsAmuXat_mt1F4vBJxy5CJNbzgzoT3Hysx0c-ANqMtzTyP9hOWYwLF4ccdF3biZimUQ6ctrl2q6eGw2GuQeNrBbNgcTgbnrbE3ENOAo2C_XJF1sbbuQanD6Z4I9MCrO1kSg9FXmlQSTpt76iPdVQ1z0YBQk-BimNm3Q_NmcrAmRuraHfn_QsY8/s640/0003049573.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="401" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5JfZogHsAmuXat_mt1F4vBJxy5CJNbzgzoT3Hysx0c-ANqMtzTyP9hOWYwLF4ccdF3biZimUQ6ctrl2q6eGw2GuQeNrBbNgcTgbnrbE3ENOAo2C_XJF1sbbuQanD6Z4I9MCrO1kSg9FXmlQSTpt76iPdVQ1z0YBQk-BimNm3Q_NmcrAmRuraHfn_QsY8/s320/0003049573.jpg" width="201" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the
summer of 1847, Emerson decided to travel to Europe, and invited Thoreau to
reside once more at his house and continue tutoring the children. Thoreau,
having completed his experiment and finished his book, lived at Emerson’s for
two more years and continued his writing. Because he could not find a publisher
for A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, Thoreau published it at his own
expense, and made little money off of its meager success.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Interior
Room with Henry David Thoreau's Furniture<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">During
this time Thoreau also published "Civil Disobedience." Halfway
through his time at Walden in 1846, Thoreau had been met by the local tax
collector, Sam Staples, who had asked him to pay the poll tax that he had
ignored for multiple years. Thoreau refused on the basis that he would not pay
his taxes to a government which supported enslavement and which was waging the
war against Mexico (which lasted from 1846-1848). Staples put Thoreau in jail,
until the next morning when an unidentified woman, perhaps Thoreau’s aunt, paid
the tax and Thoreau—reluctantly—went free. Thoreau defended his actions in an
essay published in 1849 under the name “Resistance to Civil Government” and now
known as his famous “Civil Disobedience.” In the essay, Thoreau defends
individual conscience against the law of the masses. He explains that there is
a higher law than civil law, and just because the majority believes something
to be right does not make it so. It follows then, he explained, that when an
individual intuits a higher law to which civil law does not accord, he must
still follow the higher law—no matter what the civil consequences be, in his
case, even spending time in jail. As he writes: “Under a government which
imprisons any unjustly, the true place for a just man is also a prison.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">“Civil
Disobedience” is one of Thoreau’s most lasting and influential works. It has
inspired many leaders to begin their own protests, and has been particularly
persuasive to non-violent protesters, including such figures as Martin Luther
King Jr. and Mohandas Gandhi. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Later
Years: Nature Writing and Abolitionism (1850-1860)</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Slavery
in Massachusetts" (1854)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Walden
(1854)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ultimately,
Thoreau moved back into his family home in Concord, working occasionally at his
father’s pencil factory as well as a surveyor to support himself while
composing multiple drafts of Walden and finally publishing it in 1854. After
his father’s death, Thoreau took over the pencil factory.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Title
Page From Walden<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The title page from the first edition of Henry
David Thoreau's Walden: or, Life in the Woods. Thoreau wrote of his experiences
and thoughts during a two-year period when he lived in a tiny one-room cabin he
had built by the shore of Walden Pond near Concord, Massachusetts. Library of
Congress / Getty Images<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwuGP5ePWmtyvvp6VSKoSapx6VHDp5R4XLpGqoVtwnEbtFIv96oF9tXueC4vgi9C6pEeU0xqy5MhwnVQUI-3MuCgeafXg4MN1iqMIBZ5CZMeQ3Skdj-2OxTQPFQn2O3sWe78KgtTB0aeBA6lKoNYEW_SyW857ECQ7go6sPePqBj3YISLXuzgKbUV4rdRE/s473/1854_Walden_byThoreau.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="473" data-original-width="275" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwuGP5ePWmtyvvp6VSKoSapx6VHDp5R4XLpGqoVtwnEbtFIv96oF9tXueC4vgi9C6pEeU0xqy5MhwnVQUI-3MuCgeafXg4MN1iqMIBZ5CZMeQ3Skdj-2OxTQPFQn2O3sWe78KgtTB0aeBA6lKoNYEW_SyW857ECQ7go6sPePqBj3YISLXuzgKbUV4rdRE/s320/1854_Walden_byThoreau.jpg" width="186" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By the
1850s, Thoreau was less interested in transcendentalism, as the movement was
already splitting apart. He continued, however, to explore his ideas about
nature, traveling to the Maine Woods, Cape Cod, and to Canada. These adventures
found their places in articles, “Ktaadn, and the Maine Woods,” (1848), which
was later to make up the beginning of his book The Maine Woods (published posthumously
in 1864), “Excursion to Canada” (1853), and “Cape Cod” (1855).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With such
works, Thoreau is now seen as one of the founders of the genre of American
nature writing. Also published posthumously (in Excursions, 1863) is the
lecture he developed from 1851 to 1860 and which was ultimately known as the
essay "Walking" (1864), in which he outlined his thinking on
mankind's relationship to nature and the spiritual importance of leaving
society for a time. Thoreau thought of the piece as one of his seminal pieces
and it is one of the definitive works of the transcendental movement.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In
response to growing national unrest regarding the abolition of enslavement,
Thoreau found himself adopting a more stringently abolitionist stance. In 1854
he delivered a scathing lecture called “Slavery in Massachusetts,” in which he
indicted the whole country for the evils of enslavement, even the free states
where enslavement was outlawed—including, as the title suggested, his own
Massachusetts. This essay is one of his most celebrated achievements, with an
argument both stirring and elegant.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Illness
and Death (1860-1862)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMQB4kcGpOTdjq2_RH92w5zD7f6Hv_nJbwlhOI6hvTDYTG5fxOfesppLqc4ZHAV_aFfFWCdkixEGWW2xV2b7qOVfsxPL3Rhbf7qrHT0FFIjJdQxWxGx77ZDRnMOOaimX6Cv4C-rFU9bkm_6DAcJ8pn-eqmPAQBGXYl9Sqy3p4NsE6ILhKphETxmTmdNIY/s822/ThoreauBust.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="822" data-original-width="669" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMQB4kcGpOTdjq2_RH92w5zD7f6Hv_nJbwlhOI6hvTDYTG5fxOfesppLqc4ZHAV_aFfFWCdkixEGWW2xV2b7qOVfsxPL3Rhbf7qrHT0FFIjJdQxWxGx77ZDRnMOOaimX6Cv4C-rFU9bkm_6DAcJ8pn-eqmPAQBGXYl9Sqy3p4NsE6ILhKphETxmTmdNIY/s320/ThoreauBust.jpg" width="260" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thorau bust</span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSXXz2RMl9MwkP0ElrC1ukattzjAgXgLai51XStR9B6t27RLi1so6tyfX9bpevx38tYsHe9SLwu1_soEpszu-9qrLAkOn-Y5sWfwm6JIrsnpWBD4we2Wd3DbWHRGFCXeN9ZdwJGDLAbpuK83gcNxShEcK8-uUvnSTRwO07auaOuEXhcUfpWT-S1aEhBlk/s330/Thoreau-gravesite.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="258" data-original-width="330" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSXXz2RMl9MwkP0ElrC1ukattzjAgXgLai51XStR9B6t27RLi1so6tyfX9bpevx38tYsHe9SLwu1_soEpszu-9qrLAkOn-Y5sWfwm6JIrsnpWBD4we2Wd3DbWHRGFCXeN9ZdwJGDLAbpuK83gcNxShEcK8-uUvnSTRwO07auaOuEXhcUfpWT-S1aEhBlk/s320/Thoreau-gravesite.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thoreau gravest</span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1835,
Thoreau contracted tuberculosis and suffered from it periodically over the
course of his life. In 1860 he caught bronchitis and from then on his health
began to decline. Aware of his impending death, Thoreau showed remarkable
tranquility, revising his unpublished works (including The Maine Woods and
Excursions) and concluding his journal. He died in 1862, at the age of 44, of
tuberculosis. His funeral was planned and attended by the Concord literary set,
including Amos Bronson Alcott and William Ellery Channing; his old and great
friend Emerson delivered his eulogy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Henry
David Thoreau stamp<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDfoM9mwdq3hOwoHpkPZzN3gLJFGR13sWO4cI51C6HDqDKfGNaZUAjn28SGDHFw6iFQAsvd5nvgVuQSSuhbhUPVSUOqccsqu9M723MvduiLRtq-QbIkJDYbUVNRO0lKr3yU1vFmVAW3XSo-liBB06ZckUQsElpYyjpwhOU8saun9SIgfoDp2z-TaGu7YI/s249/Thoreau1967stamp.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="160" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDfoM9mwdq3hOwoHpkPZzN3gLJFGR13sWO4cI51C6HDqDKfGNaZUAjn28SGDHFw6iFQAsvd5nvgVuQSSuhbhUPVSUOqccsqu9M723MvduiLRtq-QbIkJDYbUVNRO0lKr3yU1vFmVAW3XSo-liBB06ZckUQsElpYyjpwhOU8saun9SIgfoDp2z-TaGu7YI/s1600/Thoreau1967stamp.jpg" width="160" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Stamp printed by United states, shows Henry
David Thoreau, circa 1967. rook76 / Getty Images<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Legacy<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSQQXV-Ufl4lz_tlXjOFV3BmkZ-ZVKvghB_M45Ds6tk0JUVKw5sDV32PTSHag7e_GM-tKP4rgpaolXhoxoR_JiFpnTfSr7UyMCIzMs3WPMd3nXV9nuFCpVfCh1JKrAQC5W-qxhQ4xUM7z8nm-VNTj1yX69IroCPNNeHVN4BOp7RUrLg7E-7tzOauPyfT8/s707/60-Best-Henry-David-Thoreau-Quotes-707x600.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="707" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSQQXV-Ufl4lz_tlXjOFV3BmkZ-ZVKvghB_M45Ds6tk0JUVKw5sDV32PTSHag7e_GM-tKP4rgpaolXhoxoR_JiFpnTfSr7UyMCIzMs3WPMd3nXV9nuFCpVfCh1JKrAQC5W-qxhQ4xUM7z8nm-VNTj1yX69IroCPNNeHVN4BOp7RUrLg7E-7tzOauPyfT8/s320/60-Best-Henry-David-Thoreau-Quotes-707x600.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thoreau
did not see the huge successes in his lifetime that Emerson saw in his. If he
was known, it was as a naturalist, not as a political or philosophical thinker.
He only published two books in his lifetime, and he had to publish A Week on
the Concord and Merrimack Rivers himself, while Walden was hardly a bestseller.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thoreau
is now, however, known as one of the greatest American writers. His thinking
has exerted a massive worldwide influence, in particular on the leaders of
non-violent liberation movements such as Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.,
both of whom cited "Civil Disobedience" as a major influence on them.
Like Emerson, Thoreau's work in transcendentalism responded to and reaffirmed
an American cultural identity of individualism and hard work that is still
recognizable today. Thoreau's philosophy of nature is one of the touchstones of
the American nature-writing tradition. But his legacy is not only literary,
academic, or political, but also personal and individual: Thoreau is a cultural
hero for the way he lived his life as a work of art, championing his ideals
down to the most everyday of choices, whether it be in solitude on the banks of
Walden or in behind the bars of the Concord jail.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sources<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Furtak,
Rick Anthony, "Henry David Thoreau", The Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy (Fall 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.),
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2019/entries/thoreau/.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Harding,
Walter. The Days of Henry David Thoreau. Princeton University Press, 2016.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Packer,
Barbara. The Transcendentalists. University of Georgia Press, 2007.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Thoreau,
Henry David. Walden. Urbana, Illinois: Project Gutenberg, 1995. Retrieved
November 21, 2019 from <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/205/205-h/205-h.htm">https://www.gutenberg.org/files/205/205-h/205-h.htm</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie0M94RbCCxkE4rHwezqr1X4FGITRuVmcwA6yTfFE0OXXv-yJkwPwQotwK93Vnje-qj9BGeFLBGkaRqzYltQw74N_fTMS9vrbC1Fn9YZc9IXHGdPmPnjK0wYHxwFwg-ty0lqc6oZmenZLPrwP2sX7kSBuxyUmxXt92uRRTyDEM7u4BQilDBoICCsPMttw/s700/Henry-David-Thoreau.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="525" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie0M94RbCCxkE4rHwezqr1X4FGITRuVmcwA6yTfFE0OXXv-yJkwPwQotwK93Vnje-qj9BGeFLBGkaRqzYltQw74N_fTMS9vrbC1Fn9YZc9IXHGdPmPnjK0wYHxwFwg-ty0lqc6oZmenZLPrwP2sX7kSBuxyUmxXt92uRRTyDEM7u4BQilDBoICCsPMttw/s320/Henry-David-Thoreau.webp" width="240" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;">Ruben</span></p></div>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-41368156269965982202024-01-26T15:55:00.000-08:002024-01-26T15:55:49.587-08:00Short phrases<p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Short
phrases<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6XJNBcD4nWe8NKn_7Axa_6we-Lw4uxm698VucnfvVaTpyCXCMOzGfGYEqdTQRUismDzSBCXL16XTyvPcjf2pcr0PFwsF4dtL5ys5NOGeuksJJsA2Enl7JcNEIkqCtf1VTocJj906ZSmuFwuvLwebx9Bl2NJWoH1dRjqfc19le_DBgdfXvB5rDHdsLdcU/s1048/short-quotes-medicine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1048" data-original-width="699" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6XJNBcD4nWe8NKn_7Axa_6we-Lw4uxm698VucnfvVaTpyCXCMOzGfGYEqdTQRUismDzSBCXL16XTyvPcjf2pcr0PFwsF4dtL5ys5NOGeuksJJsA2Enl7JcNEIkqCtf1VTocJj906ZSmuFwuvLwebx9Bl2NJWoH1dRjqfc19le_DBgdfXvB5rDHdsLdcU/s320/short-quotes-medicine.jpg" width="213" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A
selection of the best short phrases about love, friendship, etc</span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A friend is someone who knows everything about you and despite
this, he loves you.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Elbert Hubbard (1856-1915) American essayist.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">If you feel like everything has lost its meaning, there will
always be an "I love you", there will always be a friend.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Emerson (1803-1882) American poet and thinker.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Friendship is more difficult and rarer than love. Therefore,
we must save as.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Alberto Moravia (1907-1990. Italian writer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">He loves until it hurts. If it hurts, is a good sign.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mother Teresa of Calcutta (1910-1997) Missionary of Albanian
origin, naturalized Indian<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A brother may not be a friend, but a friend will always be a
brother.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Demetrius of Falero (350 BC-280 BC) Athenian orator,
philosopher and ruler.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I love you to love you and not to be loved, since nothing
pleases me as much as seeing you happy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">George Sand (1804-1876) French writer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In a kiss, you will know everything I kept silence.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pablo Neruda (1904-1973) Chilean poet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Never forget that the first kiss is not given with the mouth,
but with the eyes.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">O. K. Bernhardt German writer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">When my voice is silent with death, my heart will continue
speaking to you.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) Hindu philosopher and writer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Friendship is a soul that lives in two bodies; a heart that
lives in two<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC) Greek philosopher.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Love is the pain of living far from the loved one.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Anonymous<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">He who seeks a friend without defects is left without friends.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Turkish proverb<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">One is in love when he realizes that another person is unique.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986) Argentine writer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">No matter how long the storm is, the sun always shines again
through the clouds.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Khalil Gibran (1883-1931) Lebanese essayist, novelist and
poet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">For a look, a world;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">For a smile, a sky;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">For a kiss... I do not know<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">What would I give you for a kiss?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (1836-1870) Spanish poet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">True love is like spirits: everyone talks about them, but few
have seen them.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">François de La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680) French writer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">True friends have to get angry from time to time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) French chemist and microbiologist.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The possibility of realizing a dream is what makes life
interesting.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Paulo Coelho (1947- ) Brazilian writer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Loving is not only wanting, it above all understands.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Françoise Sagan (1935-2004) French writer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The past has fled, what you hope for is absent, but the
present is yours.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Arabic proverb<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The good thing about years is that they heal wounds; the bad
thing about kisses is that they create addiction.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Joaquín Sabina (1949-) Spanish singer-songwriter and poet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Neither absence nor time are anything when you love.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Alfred de Musset (1810-1857) French poet.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">True friendship is like phosphorescence, it shines best when
everything has gone dark.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941) Hindu philosopher and writer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The friends you have and whose friendship you have already
tested / hook them to your soul with steel hooks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">William Shakespeare (1564-1616) British writer.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyK0DZTuvcb7FwbyrFKw2bbuY5Tii-u6-PJpTIFQQuNF3S7C-DQ2vui-6if6lt6mw59FSF5aKGeTA7tzOBmRe5GVb7DVpQ7U8kIPDcYIpE6KgKwFgqF1LaW9kid43jmSWhqG03l8TiweLcH2OzoF65SYORYchwIIi4tvMfkp8satAvHkMHhW-ugwTfIHI/s760/short-quotes-swl-231117-02-33d404.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="760" data-original-width="760" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyK0DZTuvcb7FwbyrFKw2bbuY5Tii-u6-PJpTIFQQuNF3S7C-DQ2vui-6if6lt6mw59FSF5aKGeTA7tzOBmRe5GVb7DVpQ7U8kIPDcYIpE6KgKwFgqF1LaW9kid43jmSWhqG03l8TiweLcH2OzoF65SYORYchwIIi4tvMfkp8satAvHkMHhW-ugwTfIHI/s320/short-quotes-swl-231117-02-33d404.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-67372722684250024142024-01-26T00:24:00.000-08:002024-01-26T00:24:00.084-08:00Louisa May Alcott Quotes<p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Louisa
May Alcott<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKhl0dGcKSdRsB0ub4d9uQeXI3f3ciKcWBzBENjxcAi1GSRzxONM5tt5EpYDmcE7r0-uvpFDYlmn_eU9uWlSUiIvFYlcP0q9OZVVFO7_rvdstaMDrdZHOQ3-bdWl0WchdfcorLFQs2QhZdXnehcTMIY_9_LuWxQx4vf1k3R-EnnvxNkGWMvYCFg7n5wyE/s1390/louisa-may-alcott-american-novelistauthoress-of-little-women-29-november-ERH74N-235999716.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="1050" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKhl0dGcKSdRsB0ub4d9uQeXI3f3ciKcWBzBENjxcAi1GSRzxONM5tt5EpYDmcE7r0-uvpFDYlmn_eU9uWlSUiIvFYlcP0q9OZVVFO7_rvdstaMDrdZHOQ3-bdWl0WchdfcorLFQs2QhZdXnehcTMIY_9_LuWxQx4vf1k3R-EnnvxNkGWMvYCFg7n5wyE/s320/louisa-may-alcott-american-novelistauthoress-of-little-women-29-november-ERH74N-235999716.jpg" width="242" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwCkRAP0zL_cI3ir78jfe6Co_dlIxQXBmuimwQwHrfJxRWyLbRcG908OfBiyPACyM5T3yGF2vmDL4Emuy3inOIf8HpOocm4dmxRoNgolFxxmI_nn_AGdvmNuWwBRyTlf_MUdxTR3l3C48FZIFcBatM93BFhinhx8OwLkpplB0XNH6RH9C2g0dXi80g2eI/s1000/51R6JEWR5DL._AC_UF1000,1000_QL80_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="634" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwCkRAP0zL_cI3ir78jfe6Co_dlIxQXBmuimwQwHrfJxRWyLbRcG908OfBiyPACyM5T3yGF2vmDL4Emuy3inOIf8HpOocm4dmxRoNgolFxxmI_nn_AGdvmNuWwBRyTlf_MUdxTR3l3C48FZIFcBatM93BFhinhx8OwLkpplB0XNH6RH9C2g0dXi80g2eI/s320/51R6JEWR5DL._AC_UF1000,1000_QL80_.jpg" width="203" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quotes<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“I like good strong words that mean something…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">1. “I am not afraid of storms, for I am learning how to sail
my ship.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I'd rather take coffee
than compliments just now.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">2. “There are many Beths in the world, shy and quiet, sitting
in corners till needed, and living for others so cheerfully that no one sees
the sacrifices till the little cricket on the hearth stops chirping, and the
sweet, sunshiny presence vanishes, leaving silence and shadow behind.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">3. “I ask not for any crown<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">But that which all may win;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">4.Nor try to conquer any world<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Except the one within.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">5. “Far away there in the sunshine are my highest aspirations.
I may not reach them, but I can look up and see their beauty, believe in them,
and try to follow where they lead.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">6.“I've got the key to my castle in the air, but whether I can
unlock the door remains to be seen.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">7. “The power of finding beauty in the humblest things makes
home happy and life lovely.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">8. “Love Jo all your days, if you choose, but don't let it
spoil you, for it's wicked to throw away so many good gifts because you can't
have the one you want.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">9.“A faithful friend is a strong defence;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And he that hath found him hath found a treasure.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>10.“Your father, Jo. He
never loses patience, never doubts or complains, but always hopes, and works
and waits so cheerfully that one is ashamed to do otherwise before him.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">11. “Don't laugh at the spinsters, dear girls, for often very
tender, tragic romances are hidden away in the hearts that beat so quietly
under the sober gowns, and many silent sacrifices of youth, health, ambition,
love itself, make the faded faces beautiful in God's sight. Even the sad, sour
sisters should be kindly dealt with, because they have missed the sweetest part
of life, if for no other reason.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">12. “I want to do something splendid...something heroic or
wonderful that won't be forgotten after I'm dead. I don't know what, but I'm on
the watch for it and mean to astonish you all someday.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">13. “Love is a great beautifier.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">14. “Watch and pray, dear, never get tired of trying, and
never think it is impossible to conquer your fault.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“...for love casts out
fear, and gratitude can conquer pride.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Let us be elegant or
die!”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">15. “Don't try to make me grow up before my time…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">16. “Women, they have minds, and they have souls, as well as
just hearts. And they’ve got ambition, and they’ve got talent, as well as just
beauty. I’m so sick of people saying that love is all a woman is fit for.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>17.“My child, the
troubles and temptations of your life are beginning, and may be many; but you
can overcome and outlive them all if you learn to feel the strength and
tenderness of your Heavenly Father as you do that of your earthly one. The more
you love and trust Him, the nearer you will feel to Him, and the less you will
depend on human power and wisdom. His love and care never tire or change, can
never be taken from you, but may become the source of lifelong peace,
happiness, and strength. Believe this heartily, and go to God with all your
little cares, and hopes, and sins, and sorrows, as freely and confidingly as
you come to your mother.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">18. “Have regular hours for work and play; make each day both
useful and pleasant, and prove that you understand the worth of time by
employing it well. Then youth will bring few regrets, and life will become a
beautiful success.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>19.“I want to do
something splendid…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Something heroic or wonderful that will not be forgotten after
I am dead…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I think I shall write books.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>20.“Human minds are
more full of mysteries than any written book and more changeable than the cloud
shapes in the air.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">21. “Because they are mean is no reason why I should be. I
hate such things, and though I think I've a right to be hurt, I don't intend to
show it. (Amy March)”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Be worthy love, and
love will come.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">22. “You don’t need scores of suitors. You need only one… if
he’s the right one.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">23. “Some people seemed to get all sunshine, and some all
shadow…”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">24. “You are the gull, Jo, strong and wild, fond of the storm
and the wind, flying far out to sea, and happy all alone.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“I keep turning over
new leaves, and spoiling them, as I used to spoil my copybooks; and I make so
many beginnings there never will be an end. (Jo March)”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben</span><o:p></o:p></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-44579743510360789312024-01-12T02:52:00.000-08:002024-01-12T02:52:48.746-08:00Enrique Congrains Martin<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Enrique
Congrains Martin<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5hwMo0upNCw1Roxo2NeZMv2BUwOCgcA_VFLCnscloXoUByCj-YAzfKD1IzSRBxliOFzO8PehulqN6yV4OEa7dQabiLsN9gqxZh8VPOPnRrUS3RTMXbXcMbe8OB2_nqcuKfisIUnQtnuzsoBb_EfucNFothpbDhyyvo-XuI-7SjoCOpOvZ5kop7gPqeaI/s405/330px-Enrique_Congrains_Martin.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="405" data-original-width="330" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5hwMo0upNCw1Roxo2NeZMv2BUwOCgcA_VFLCnscloXoUByCj-YAzfKD1IzSRBxliOFzO8PehulqN6yV4OEa7dQabiLsN9gqxZh8VPOPnRrUS3RTMXbXcMbe8OB2_nqcuKfisIUnQtnuzsoBb_EfucNFothpbDhyyvo-XuI-7SjoCOpOvZ5kop7gPqeaI/s320/330px-Enrique_Congrains_Martin.jpg" width="261" /></a></div><br /><h4></h4><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Picture
1957</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ_DCaTmB6TsQCmqCavjz061x3nXyCw10KejGqGExMwzMSqzuOqF0j-VDkTucpeQUpubD9oP_FZPmsJ-HGi2cxqoQK8AmIDftx8rmFTZp5FLcRISEGL5UWZQoxooLZvza-cWVC9E16Ztx6EYkSSleeKGCtgfbJ5I8zXgukrkOwYyjuudUP8NW_Tz_Sg-k/s825/EnriqueCongrainsMartin-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="825" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ_DCaTmB6TsQCmqCavjz061x3nXyCw10KejGqGExMwzMSqzuOqF0j-VDkTucpeQUpubD9oP_FZPmsJ-HGi2cxqoQK8AmIDftx8rmFTZp5FLcRISEGL5UWZQoxooLZvza-cWVC9E16Ztx6EYkSSleeKGCtgfbJ5I8zXgukrkOwYyjuudUP8NW_Tz_Sg-k/s320/EnriqueCongrainsMartin-1.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /> </b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1932 -
Cochabamba, July 6, 2009)1 was a Peruvian writer and publisher belonging to the
so-called generation of the 50, of which Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Ramon
Ribeyro, Manuel Scorza, Gustavo Valcárcel, among others, are also part.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Personal
information<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p><b> </b></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Birth
name Henry Congrains Martin<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Born July
4,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Lima,
Peru<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Passed
away July 6,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(77 years
old)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cochabamba,
Bolivia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cause of
death cardiorespiratory arrest<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Peruvian
nationality<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Mother
tongue Spanish<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Family<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Spouse
Mary Emma Lion Cabada<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sons
Alfred Congrains<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Professional
information<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Occupation
Writer, editor<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Movement
Generation of the 50th<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Literary
language Spanish<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Novelist<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Storyteller</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Signature<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8M17zSs1OFiRWd7mSzRx3pXNJhHU1goyDTDL8l1Dst9krMXQl0yeI4MRVydqElw1LIgpXkJ83ihHS_gsQEX7DSC8yEicj2rzialKPuATETVU2xAhOGXuNU47SLn7duHiat09o4yAu4tM1lEPIYiF-eIyN_uF4HBPhJhhw41_Xf-n7Usn5l0ZloJnRqZQ/s260/260px-Firma_de_Enrique_Congrains_Martin.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="120" data-original-width="260" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8M17zSs1OFiRWd7mSzRx3pXNJhHU1goyDTDL8l1Dst9krMXQl0yeI4MRVydqElw1LIgpXkJ83ihHS_gsQEX7DSC8yEicj2rzialKPuATETVU2xAhOGXuNU47SLn7duHiat09o4yAu4tM1lEPIYiF-eIyN_uF4HBPhJhhw41_Xf-n7Usn5l0ZloJnRqZQ/s1600/260px-Firma_de_Enrique_Congrains_Martin.jpg" width="260" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1932 -
Cochabamba, July 6, 2009)1 was a Peruvian writer and editor belonging to the
so-called generation of 50, of which Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Ramón Ribeyro,
Manuel Scorza, Gustavo Valcárcel, among others, are also part.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqbvu1S3iE2RQuOgXvjRqrO9pHXhw72C_adLXt69AEHOFfvrGqGzRHoghGvzusU301zorcXUIsF9YTEg4VQ-K2dhYmrN3-nO-7Ssl8Aeq2789SiZyASXo_d7wiHIwZJClXtGg_HADPtV-Jm9QtN4lR3-qhuvY8LRFqny2L9yj-S0d8tuiWufb7sELyIwk/s1800/000099621W.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1350" data-original-width="1800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqbvu1S3iE2RQuOgXvjRqrO9pHXhw72C_adLXt69AEHOFfvrGqGzRHoghGvzusU301zorcXUIsF9YTEg4VQ-K2dhYmrN3-nO-7Ssl8Aeq2789SiZyASXo_d7wiHIwZJClXtGg_HADPtV-Jm9QtN4lR3-qhuvY8LRFqny2L9yj-S0d8tuiWufb7sELyIwk/s320/000099621W.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Biography</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He was
born in Lima, into a middle-class family that took care to give him a careful
education. His parents, of French descent, were Víctor Elías Congrains Agüero
and Henrietta Martín.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He completed
his primary studies at Antonio Raimondi, La Inmaculada and Maristas de San
Isidro and continued his secondary studies at Maristas.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">His wife
was María Emma León Cabada.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the
literary field he is one of the first narrators to express in his work his
interest in human, social and ethical problems that afflict the population of
marginal urban neighborhoods.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He died
on July 6, 2009 in Cochabamba, Bolivia, where he had resided for several
years.2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Storyteller<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1954
he published the book of short stories Lima, Hora Zero, inaugurating urban
realism in Peru, which his generation colleagues would later explore, as would
later authors, such as Oswaldo Reynoso. This book describes the marginality of
the Lima neighborhoods, on which society's gaze fell in that decade, given the
importance of the Andean migratory wave towards the capital of Peru at that
time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
following year he published his second book, the collection of Kikuyo stories,
which was circulated in a minority.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Both
books were edited by the same author, who was also in charge of their
distribution, which he did personally, selling the copies, even in
installments, to his readers.3<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Novelist<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Not one,
but many deaths<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1957,
living in Buenos Aires, he self-published his novel !No una sino muchas !muertes-</span>
<span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Not
one, but many deaths.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1957,
living in Buenos Aires, he self-published his novel Not one but many deaths
(Buenos Aires: Embajada Cultural Peruana),4 in which he recounts, having a
teenager from the outskirts of Lima as the protagonist, the problems of extreme
marginalization. with singular acuity and precision in the descriptions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This
work, central to 20th-century Peruvian literature, presents one of the most
striking female characters in its history.5<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The novel
was published several times, in different countries. The first edition in
Buenos Aires was followed by a Uruguayan one (Montevideo: Alfa, 1967), as well
as editions in Lima, both by Peisa (1974, 1988) and by Populibros. Vargas Llosa
prefaced the 1975 edition of Planeta de España, describing the work as a
"wild novel."6</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It was
made into a film in 1983 by Francisco Lombardi, under the title Maruja in Hell.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Final
works<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Towards
the end of his life and after fifty years of Not one, but many deaths, he
published the novels The narrator of stories (dedicated to Vargas Llosa)3 and
999 words for planet Earth, works that denote, after so many decades of
literary silence, a freer style in technique and with themes under the interest
in the fantastic and the futuristic.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Author of
manuals and editorial work<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He was
the author of texts such as This is how intelligence is developed or This is
how it is studied.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In
Colombia, where he lived for many years, he organized the Latin American Center
for Intellectual Training. There he carried out editing and marketing tasks
with his own company Forja in which he published, for example: Así se
Desarrollo la salud (3 volumes) 1975; This is how you study (1978); The wonders
of Colombia: surprising and little known (4 volumes), 1979; Black file (4
volumes), 1984; The lightning of history (3 volumes), 1986; Classic and modern
French narrative (1986); Famous and resounding phrases (1989); Wise and lucid
letters (1989). He also published the series of literary anthologies: Anthology
of the Classic and Modern American Short Story (1980); Anthology of the classic
Russian story (1980); and the series The Colossi of Humanity composed of: Life
and work of scientists and inventors (1983); Life and work of writers and poets
(1983); Life and work of politicians and rulers (1983); Life and work of famous
Colombians (1985); Life and work of philosophers and thinkers (1985); Life and
work of sailors and explorers (1985); Life and work of warriors and soldiers
(1987); Life and work of musicians and composers (1987); Life and work of
famous women (1989); Life and work of painters and sculptors (1990); Life and
work of kings and emperors (1990).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">At the Ateneo
de Caracas he taught "The course on mental calculation and
concentration", a system of intellectual exercise that, through a novel
method of performing mathematical operations, helped develop concentration,
memory, agility and inventiveness.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Book
about Not One, But Many Deaths (1957)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1974,
the German critic Wolfgang A. Luchting published the study Woman or the
Revolution. Analysis of "Not one, but many deaths" by Enrique
Congrains. The book can be consulted at the following link: https://es.scribd.com/document/567630226/La-Mujer-o-La-Revolucion-Analisis-de-No-Una-Sino-Muchas-Muertes-Wolfgang-Luchting
-PDF<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">More
importantwoorks<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq8puSsWFOEqDKtPFJzHV-dF6GC9Dx0i1CjHK6q9qq4YdbbJWoiTkSBhahUSCl3BO_e41oIVVcMxi71sFbR0UAedvnmrQNaTWXY0Y48y0lOVL0tHafUkUI3cp9Zahh4Vro6nUVS6uQ-a1bJmdVEgAQT5NjV5zQkxHm_b3XrA5sMWjTxM9-5l7tRtH2hkc/s800/04_jul22_enrique_congrains_martin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="800" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq8puSsWFOEqDKtPFJzHV-dF6GC9Dx0i1CjHK6q9qq4YdbbJWoiTkSBhahUSCl3BO_e41oIVVcMxi71sFbR0UAedvnmrQNaTWXY0Y48y0lOVL0tHafUkUI3cp9Zahh4Vro6nUVS6uQ-a1bJmdVEgAQT5NjV5zQkxHm_b3XrA5sMWjTxM9-5l7tRtH2hkc/s320/04_jul22_enrique_congrains_martin.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">"Black
Night" (1948). Story published on June 27, 1948 in the newspaper La
Crónica. Access:
https://www.academia.edu/50550260/Enrique_Congrains_Noche_negra_2021_<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Lima,
zero hour (stories, 1954, which includes the story "The boy next to the
sky")<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Boy
Next to Heaven (Story, 1954)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Kikuyu
(stories, 1995)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Sunday in
a mat cage (story included in Peruvian Stories. Complete and updated anthology
of the story in Peru. </span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Buenos
Aires: Peruvian Cultural Embassy, 1957). Consult:
https://es.scribd.com/document/573284186/Domingo-en-La-Jaula-de-Estera-Enrique-Congrains-PDF<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Not one,
but many deaths (novel, 1957)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Storyteller (novel, 2008)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">words for
planet Earth (novel, 2009)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bibliography
on Enrique Congrains<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 2021,
the Peruvian Literary Network carried out a bibliographical investigation that
compiled all the criticism surrounding the narrative of Enrique Congrains.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdHw2mSlDh17oXXcdDAH7jFKexXFd7Ku5oJVsrx2mLjAl5zD8P_3tJDb_n51_Dh_YPmfL9Go28vwbt5IUCCsaRZVP9_FbeJiQEX9Z0s5kH6-6qC1nEAjghi2064ZJPZSvLZPyuEq1qlcdR18P2H6BP0kuyelIFCkskphYotEVdzIEZQnHFaAti32Nx5mo/s1280/maxresdefaultel%20ni%C3%B10%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdHw2mSlDh17oXXcdDAH7jFKexXFd7Ku5oJVsrx2mLjAl5zD8P_3tJDb_n51_Dh_YPmfL9Go28vwbt5IUCCsaRZVP9_FbeJiQEX9Z0s5kH6-6qC1nEAjghi2064ZJPZSvLZPyuEq1qlcdR18P2H6BP0kuyelIFCkskphYotEVdzIEZQnHFaAti32Nx5mo/s320/maxresdefaultel%20ni%C3%B10%201.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-55733480079921244972024-01-09T22:06:00.000-08:002024-01-09T22:06:10.217-08:00Franz Beckenbauer<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Franz Beckenbauer</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjCjsFaNhcwvcs6p7wkmvYMiPCSatu8pIs2IT1eyu0pGvKCbbSc6f7X-MVOew4-5LB7xny5Ue3IdVWEusgqe-DgoQsO8hoB3wmhyQTHCbSH2Wt1yNAjRwL6ZA7-2NC8eIvCJsr_ndEgmJTRGExu0ODX8HfdVLSIEPMRzTv_dyoUyP7GAwF91_OziI7uAo/s1200/franz%20portada.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1200" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjCjsFaNhcwvcs6p7wkmvYMiPCSatu8pIs2IT1eyu0pGvKCbbSc6f7X-MVOew4-5LB7xny5Ue3IdVWEusgqe-DgoQsO8hoB3wmhyQTHCbSH2Wt1yNAjRwL6ZA7-2NC8eIvCJsr_ndEgmJTRGExu0ODX8HfdVLSIEPMRzTv_dyoUyP7GAwF91_OziI7uAo/s320/franz%20portada.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBH1Salu-HLWg-_IgXJkRY_3_2BmUUG120kzySBw8bdvdvNY5blkHjagLxEJQgKrAHFNiDlklr9KaKQOlXV0AKhHh6LxhY50PcMLG3ORpp1DrlxGShyS2N9K3Wpn4cR6M1UrH_WMV5hcDdWDN1_Kl2_WtHfp4SZlIdciiQOYasxrqBZeEshOF0xQGhs5M/s1200/240108163321-franz-beckenbauer-germany-1974-171349183%20copa%20mundial.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="700" data-original-width="1200" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBH1Salu-HLWg-_IgXJkRY_3_2BmUUG120kzySBw8bdvdvNY5blkHjagLxEJQgKrAHFNiDlklr9KaKQOlXV0AKhHh6LxhY50PcMLG3ORpp1DrlxGShyS2N9K3Wpn4cR6M1UrH_WMV5hcDdWDN1_Kl2_WtHfp4SZlIdciiQOYasxrqBZeEshOF0xQGhs5M/s320/240108163321-franz-beckenbauer-germany-1974-171349183%20copa%20mundial.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgneOMO1-OragyaS8TUHwlkrlee0Zjots1eu7oR50tGWx1xl54trkiCYq50NH-6HEK0ewKO0ajjagWTl-4HI5Nron_NtFZFQ1By5HFkf2P2l0nEW4qv8Bx_HqFmsjJ3dJovXc_w223U7C2RZ2LuwavSaEInJwHbD_vr08ulSeIykN3ihqIjfdt_zvTo7vs/s3000/franz%207.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2078" data-original-width="3000" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgneOMO1-OragyaS8TUHwlkrlee0Zjots1eu7oR50tGWx1xl54trkiCYq50NH-6HEK0ewKO0ajjagWTl-4HI5Nron_NtFZFQ1By5HFkf2P2l0nEW4qv8Bx_HqFmsjJ3dJovXc_w223U7C2RZ2LuwavSaEInJwHbD_vr08ulSeIykN3ihqIjfdt_zvTo7vs/s320/franz%207.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b><br /></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Farewell
Franz Beckenbauer, the last of football’s immortals<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
German legend has died at the age of 78, leaving behind a unique legacy – one
that became complicated in his later years<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Source:The independent<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">London<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Miguel Delaney<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Chief football writer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Franz
Beckenbauer really was one of those players who could talk with his feet,
although there were some during his later life who felt his legacy would have
been grander if he restricted himself to that.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">No one
was considering such controversies when the German great surged forward from
defence in the manner that became his signature; there was only the purity of
the play. One of his esteemed contemporaries, Gerd Muller, was meanwhile only
considering what Beckenbauer wanted next. He would tell him with the type of
pass played. If it was sharp, it meant Muller had to do something with it
himself. If it was soft, it meant Beckenbauer wanted it back for the trademark
one-two move that dictated and decided so many big matches.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It was
the constant threat of this that settled one of the biggest ever West
Germany-England matches, which was a rematch of the 1966 World Cup final that
came four years later in the quarter-final. Beckenbauer’s surges wreaked havoc
and inspired a 3-2 comeback from 2-0 down. The Germans went on from there and
won a historic semi-final against Italy, considered the greatest game ever
played, to become one of the greatest ever international sides. Led by
Beckenbauer, that West Germany were the first to hold the European Championship
and World Cup at the same time, as they did across 1972 and 1974.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">There was
for a time a sense of frustration about that within England, since it had been
Sir Alf Ramsey’s surprising decision to take off Sir Bobby Charlton at 2-0 in
1970 that freed the space for Beckenbauer. The two were so often intertwined
internationally, because of both their positions and their profiles in their
teams.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Franz
Beckenbauer is a member of exclusive World Cup-winning club<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It is
almost sadly fitting that they have passed so close together, but it also
reflects one of the more resonant meanings of Beckenbauer’s death at 78. An era
has really passed, too. Der Kaiser, as he became known for the regal elegance
of his play, was considered one of football’s “immortals”. This was an elevated
group of players who reached their prime during the classic television age
between the 1950s and late 1980s that marked the first true
internationalisation of the game. It is little coincidence that to shine in
this new era of technicolour was also to colour the game’s formative collective
consciousness. It was not just how they triumphed, but that they transformed
and transcended the game.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Beckenbauer
was an innovative defender, whose role transformed with time<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Those
that did it most, from the global perspective of an audience watching World
Cups and European Cup finals, were probably Pele, Diego Maradona, Johan Cruyff,
Alfredo Di Stefano, Ferenc Puskas, George Best and Beckenbauer. Others of
course have a claim to that, including Charlton.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipN8NUT-LWPbHhgDUSX-mGju5OkRe_ehgLfZipdqNfYfb2RSXZDuZVUTTM5_V2aR8YpWO77CSNrY3iK047TkjHqMs1bvRPeuUQV3F55IDMDMg4L0jcU01EcrtTP9Gy1hBwKWNySAUFfOdeI57wr8LNpQhtEwURjYMnDhkKZ4MdTGqpQiTH8TcAZFPZQv4/s1440/franz%2010.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1440" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipN8NUT-LWPbHhgDUSX-mGju5OkRe_ehgLfZipdqNfYfb2RSXZDuZVUTTM5_V2aR8YpWO77CSNrY3iK047TkjHqMs1bvRPeuUQV3F55IDMDMg4L0jcU01EcrtTP9Gy1hBwKWNySAUFfOdeI57wr8LNpQhtEwURjYMnDhkKZ4MdTGqpQiTH8TcAZFPZQv4/s320/franz%2010.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The more
profound reason for sadness here is that all of these are undisputed and, with
Beckenbauer’s passing, all are now gone. That is something that should be
reflected on. That sadness is all the more acute because of the glory, and the
happiness they created for their supporters.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Beckenbauer’s
very success even played into why both of his main teams, West Germany and
Bayern Munich, became two of the most disliked but feared in the game. He often
combined immense success with both.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Beckenbauer
is one of a select group of players to have won both the European Cup and World
Cup in the same year. That annus mirabilis of 1974 came right at the centre of
West Germany’s run of international glory and Bayern’s historic run of three
European Cups in a row. The latter is a feat that has still only been managed
by four different club sides, and was not replicated for 42 years after
Beckenbauer’s team completed it in 1976. It remains a gold standard in club
football.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZZRkWND5UZvjREmwUpWVgElC_06xiZecIs44RsXl8jA_3JMnRyJuouXhwcHgqY_4Vg0AaLWSqwrDcBXorgV3RaA9JDJvHUT1GlS2B4vPxabd2ma1nFhBzrfjCtN5fgnCwaeuLCdarN8mk9wFZHd6_pM1LgGCZD_bGMDXPUp05kYqw1V_PhrhpEIsRXTE/s480/hqdefault-724072955.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="480" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZZRkWND5UZvjREmwUpWVgElC_06xiZecIs44RsXl8jA_3JMnRyJuouXhwcHgqY_4Vg0AaLWSqwrDcBXorgV3RaA9JDJvHUT1GlS2B4vPxabd2ma1nFhBzrfjCtN5fgnCwaeuLCdarN8mk9wFZHd6_pM1LgGCZD_bGMDXPUp05kYqw1V_PhrhpEIsRXTE/s320/hqdefault-724072955.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><pBeckenbauer
is one of just three figures to have won the World Cup as a player and coach .<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Beckenbauer
is one of just three figures to have won the World Cup as a player and coach<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Such
feats didn’t quite mean Beckenbauer was ever considered the equal of Pele or
Maradona, but his on-pitch legacy is arguably deeper. At a time when “Total
Football” was altering the parameters of how the game was played, and how it did
not need to be so fixed, the German was an immense influence on this. He was a
notional defender who constantly went forward. This was almost never done, at
least in such a high-profile way, and it transformed the very space of the
pitch.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC4B-OwpYjd0z0txnETTT-rrKZRKKIP8nJ5RU3y3WjieBpl9eWVvMoKCRt28VosBwf4Wo0WtpWmFUHT5lthCsZzd9sUnCCwz8ePhSCaIBm6oRHuMWyGKhPPRXoTUUuVRDJujbxRgzalvz4v4NkDqYMSkDdZVG3nUlfk1cA4Z4Y8o1Sp9Y5odFvQupqb-I/s1494/franz%206.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1494" data-original-width="1000" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC4B-OwpYjd0z0txnETTT-rrKZRKKIP8nJ5RU3y3WjieBpl9eWVvMoKCRt28VosBwf4Wo0WtpWmFUHT5lthCsZzd9sUnCCwz8ePhSCaIBm6oRHuMWyGKhPPRXoTUUuVRDJujbxRgzalvz4v4NkDqYMSkDdZVG3nUlfk1cA4Z4Y8o1Sp9Y5odFvQupqb-I/s320/franz%206.jpg" width="214" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Beckenbauer
gave the game the “libero”, in its most widely understood sense. It freed him
to win virtually every major trophy as a player. He remains the only defender
to win the Ballon D’Or twice, if he can even be called a defender.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">And that
was only one part of his career.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">He later
became just the second of three football figures to win the World Cup as a player
and a manager. There was another historical echo in how the first of those,
Brazil’s Mario Zagallo, died at the weekend. It is now only Didier Deschamps
left.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">As
regards the discussion Beckenbauer leaves behind, it was always much more
complicated than just celebrating his football greatness. There was plenty of
controversy during his career, and biographer Uli Hesse described a “love-hate
relationship” that Germany had with “its greatest ever footballer”. Even as
early as the 1970s, coverage of his shock move to the North American Soccer
League brought accusations that he was simply running from many issues,
including the tax authorities and a disintegrating marriage.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Beckenbauer
in Berlin, ahead of the 2006 Fifa World Cup in Germany <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJV3gjJUwhl3jNqt-dlVlI5C5bTN7tRC-qyo9lOj6Zjq3-Mgq3_Tx5KgiuJSpUp0GldCIeMnwxI3e_PKc8USbAtVAggXgChzMdgo-ExP_UzhHAqQepRurBu1LLar8IHdWWeiWLl4oUGY3VBQv9kdDIsmVDehYftTLohpboAX6LpMDelXaWzNhaRbKLHpY/s1200/franz%205.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1200" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJV3gjJUwhl3jNqt-dlVlI5C5bTN7tRC-qyo9lOj6Zjq3-Mgq3_Tx5KgiuJSpUp0GldCIeMnwxI3e_PKc8USbAtVAggXgChzMdgo-ExP_UzhHAqQepRurBu1LLar8IHdWWeiWLl4oUGY3VBQv9kdDIsmVDehYftTLohpboAX6LpMDelXaWzNhaRbKLHpY/s320/franz%205.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">This all
reached a nadir in the last two decades of his life. If Beckenbauer came to
define an era of how the game was played, he also came to define how it was
governed. As a member of Fifa’s ExCo responsible for voting for the hosting of
the World Cup, he ended up facing separate investigations over the immensely
controversial bid for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups as well as his role in
Germany’s pitch for 2006. The global body’s investigatory chamber concluded in
2016 that Beckenbauer had broken the organisation’s rules on bribery and
corruption for 2006, but the ethics committee ruled the charges were
time-barred. He had already stood down, denying wrongdoing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
one-twos and surges into other areas of the pitch now almost symbolise how the
lines were blurred, how there was always another side. Those moments on the
pitch will still dictate most of the discussion now he has passed, though. With
Beckenbauer, an entire era of the game has gone.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlLAm308Ds-kBsR6kd98-sfgW0j_iAp034b-xblheVZfC7SNT-T0sEJiwdxK5GAwfONh8rpOVSxdolYF7dSsvl-iKPV8TNNoCJT1oShL2aL9YQrTCVwSUnD0FNib7R4RmEpOKQn0ku0Z4eic4wzCSkpKMQSmTCjhA5RMBVrGIPgGrZARcEDONKKnFBQZg/s1390/franz%2011.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="858" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlLAm308Ds-kBsR6kd98-sfgW0j_iAp034b-xblheVZfC7SNT-T0sEJiwdxK5GAwfONh8rpOVSxdolYF7dSsvl-iKPV8TNNoCJT1oShL2aL9YQrTCVwSUnD0FNib7R4RmEpOKQn0ku0Z4eic4wzCSkpKMQSmTCjhA5RMBVrGIPgGrZARcEDONKKnFBQZg/s320/franz%2011.jpg" width="198" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_lc0zJMArbiwnUelmmkEh1B9yWIozxvwehmWdHi9WkBKXq4Mq0HUhz8DjqeQNWZX5a5zIk5T6iRgWflyBX97PocDsyJy0d8FQGo23AuEi085jtownAXeJmRXNUE4JonHgpgKV0EMs6PsVeJEvChwEZo5BLMUYu2Mj2h3k0ws9qsI7B1hASsza1HSRhHw/s1024/franz%2012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="576" data-original-width="1024" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_lc0zJMArbiwnUelmmkEh1B9yWIozxvwehmWdHi9WkBKXq4Mq0HUhz8DjqeQNWZX5a5zIk5T6iRgWflyBX97PocDsyJy0d8FQGo23AuEi085jtownAXeJmRXNUE4JonHgpgKV0EMs6PsVeJEvChwEZo5BLMUYu2Mj2h3k0ws9qsI7B1hASsza1HSRhHw/s320/franz%2012.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyTBXOH2gtvK4MRp3q9pXpvpluHQnhvKyxSl5jaoKRH-kcl5xh8r9-QY5SVY9u4QBEqBcM8_S_elmjwyRug0OKdMgKpM5UoVtolUoBJ2fqQ4UVI1-17N5lREyyfp2bdJgxoAai1LNcL_MEa3kSo8WMmHYZvxeRLWX7lCCXw6BkRT7MNHKFYtcj1D5VHVM/s1043/franz%208.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1043" data-original-width="674" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyTBXOH2gtvK4MRp3q9pXpvpluHQnhvKyxSl5jaoKRH-kcl5xh8r9-QY5SVY9u4QBEqBcM8_S_elmjwyRug0OKdMgKpM5UoVtolUoBJ2fqQ4UVI1-17N5lREyyfp2bdJgxoAai1LNcL_MEa3kSo8WMmHYZvxeRLWX7lCCXw6BkRT7MNHKFYtcj1D5VHVM/s320/franz%208.jpg" width="207" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFyb124cI4JilCkQTUqT9Fz9SWRs3_Bo6h3wqzxr0T1hP_j14oKaIiGTLAPzoiZV1tZ2tWe4PDG9ITempSnlwcvG52Y125hUx0nrrDY_bQ0mJ4XfmZbmyQaWMtdFiwCDzYLCovZ90Pvpnus3ynRl4vPJl8l1WKqOYGWu2QbrjsywmTFkTxTQuJ-SErmMs/s2340/franz%204.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1208" data-original-width="2340" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFyb124cI4JilCkQTUqT9Fz9SWRs3_Bo6h3wqzxr0T1hP_j14oKaIiGTLAPzoiZV1tZ2tWe4PDG9ITempSnlwcvG52Y125hUx0nrrDY_bQ0mJ4XfmZbmyQaWMtdFiwCDzYLCovZ90Pvpnus3ynRl4vPJl8l1WKqOYGWu2QbrjsywmTFkTxTQuJ-SErmMs/s320/franz%204.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /> <p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span> </p><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><br /></span></b></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-21205275920459458792024-01-08T00:05:00.000-08:002024-01-08T00:05:56.658-08:00Eduardo de Habich<p> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Eduardo
de Habich<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQnZQgOfM6-5O2akbJnIVCKOdp4C7D67UHnPuNobWYjnaozOeeZr7RxlW6BaRtIBASDiujSG6OZglxPTuvG6FW74v4FNdzQ8BepymuhOWuKbaSstDFCCnTbz6Me7sgiXcqTMcFuC6bNHIAiL4D2_gKgs_JVChLX2tBtZ8lUgWAyYD4uSKaMDo9RpEbcz8/s900/otra%20portada.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="900" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQnZQgOfM6-5O2akbJnIVCKOdp4C7D67UHnPuNobWYjnaozOeeZr7RxlW6BaRtIBASDiujSG6OZglxPTuvG6FW74v4FNdzQ8BepymuhOWuKbaSstDFCCnTbz6Me7sgiXcqTMcFuC6bNHIAiL4D2_gKgs_JVChLX2tBtZ8lUgWAyYD4uSKaMDo9RpEbcz8/s320/otra%20portada.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8UG_LdKRLpXCsUUs-1qz7015SIxBFrqbVmePrHZnF4y2ogrx6pm0H8hWVgBfBMkGq5_GbzfifCWsAPSKXr3gi_Fvn7Kw8l77_uAhatQ4NDwVqCXZ2OdUI_7EJcaU4pmbJj_oORHiWB2HQtS8pn9ic_kz11jO2YRhyphenhyphen21JHzQKOoSx_Gw_q4qPywcSSVcM/s900/EDUARDO-DE-HABICH%20UNI%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="636" data-original-width="900" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8UG_LdKRLpXCsUUs-1qz7015SIxBFrqbVmePrHZnF4y2ogrx6pm0H8hWVgBfBMkGq5_GbzfifCWsAPSKXr3gi_Fvn7Kw8l77_uAhatQ4NDwVqCXZ2OdUI_7EJcaU4pmbJj_oORHiWB2HQtS8pn9ic_kz11jO2YRhyphenhyphen21JHzQKOoSx_Gw_q4qPywcSSVcM/s320/EDUARDO-DE-HABICH%20UNI%202.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHRnbGvGyGtGJIjCeBGA6fxrfmw2ORna1p7g3kheJ0jJfZcXdqqa6hJJahyphenhyphen2ZPVUg9d31AvTH4M2wTXaku8XYscrB5kkoPUx0ESNt180AmHO6w_x21DUlrU-_b0Tdnz2Vnd4yVS5Y4iR8gpmrSDA0__izptBkFn7qyXWSPf2J0qLsSsV9Hf0jpBNzhSNg/s800/eduardo-de-habich-3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="472" data-original-width="800" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHRnbGvGyGtGJIjCeBGA6fxrfmw2ORna1p7g3kheJ0jJfZcXdqqa6hJJahyphenhyphen2ZPVUg9d31AvTH4M2wTXaku8XYscrB5kkoPUx0ESNt180AmHO6w_x21DUlrU-_b0Tdnz2Vnd4yVS5Y4iR8gpmrSDA0__izptBkFn7qyXWSPf2J0qLsSsV9Hf0jpBNzhSNg/s320/eduardo-de-habich-3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC2v1wq8htBnYWu2BU0GuUoW_AAE9pa6fXe9nqZmD_Nk_hmx6sIg4CXz5nJDB7INl5a5plz_Z5XznPHseoHXI4LfMU-jqacpTGDt5zOzucgaGwiBx53Ad4JDboFXE1RfS31inBESfVf44uWdkfuquLzGr_H6WwLOYqAXceJxLWryTsl6P9LJi67GBeo_o/s843/Eduardo%20de%20Habich.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="843" data-original-width="640" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC2v1wq8htBnYWu2BU0GuUoW_AAE9pa6fXe9nqZmD_Nk_hmx6sIg4CXz5nJDB7INl5a5plz_Z5XznPHseoHXI4LfMU-jqacpTGDt5zOzucgaGwiBx53Ad4JDboFXE1RfS31inBESfVf44uWdkfuquLzGr_H6WwLOYqAXceJxLWryTsl6P9LJi67GBeo_o/s320/Eduardo%20de%20Habich.jpg" width="243" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">Source: Inside<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
legacy of Eduardo de Habich<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The Polish engineer, founder of the UNI, was committed to
training students to build the country and confront the exploitation of its
resources.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Eduardo Habich<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Published: Monday, August 29, 2022<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In December 1869, after a long boat trip for a month, the
Polish engineer and mathematician Eduardo de Habich arrived at the port of
Callao. He was 34 years old. At that time, Peru was still experiencing the
prosperity of guano exploitation and the Government was looking in Europe for
engineers who wanted to come to the country and join in the construction of
public works.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The contract signed by De Habich with the country indicated
that he had to remain in Peru for at least three years and that he would be in
charge of the creation of an engineering school if the Government decided. In
the end he stayed to live for 40 years, like any other Peruvian; He raised a
family, and the school (today the National University of Engineering) was his
great legacy.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Roots and
arrival<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Eduardo de Habich was born in 1835 in Warsaw, into a family of
noble lineage. He had military training and served in the Russian army in the
Crimean War, but later joined separatist groups seeking independence from
Poland. His life took a different path in Paris, where in the early sixties he
studied at the School of Bridges and Causeways and dedicated himself to various
academic activities, such as being director of the Polish Higher School,
founded by migrants.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In Peru, his first commissions were to carry out irrigation
studies and, later, he was assigned to repair work on the La Oroya railway. In
1972, he also joined a commission to draft the new regulations for the State
Corps of Engineers with the intention of making the country more technical.
Until then, only those who had completed professional studies could have the
degree of engineer, and since there was no specialized school in Peru, the
majority of Peruvians with experience in that field could only aspire to be
assistants to foreign engineers.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Talent
school<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Eduardo de Habich was convinced that the country needed to
train its own engineers for better exploitation of its natural resources.
Manuel Pardo's government sent him to Europe to convince teachers, obtain
materials and design programs for the future school. Finally, on March 18,
1876, the Special School of Civil and Mining Constructions was founded in Lima,
with De Habich as its first director. Although he started with these two
specialties, the intention was to expand it to other careers, in accordance
with the demands of the industry and the needs of the country.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The teaching had an emphasis on practice with visits to mining
centers and construction sites. In addition, excursions were carried out to
learn about the reality of the country and the means of production. The horizon
for future Peruvian engineers was great because of how much had to be done.
After three years in the classrooms they could obtain their degree.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Illustrious
collaborator<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">During the conflict with Chile, the school—which occupied the
premises of the Casona de San Marcos—was taken over. Other temporary spaces
were found to continue teaching classes and when the war ended, its
reconstruction began.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In the same way, the country had to be rebuilt and Eduardo de
Habich was called to collaborate with various authorities. His technical
capacity for studies on roads, irrigation, urban planning, railways, lighting,
among others, laid the foundations for 20th century Peru.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Until his death (October 31, 1909), Eduardo de Habich remained
director of the School of Engineers. His memory continues to be present in
generations of students trained to transform the country.</span> <span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Edward
Jan Habich (Spanish: Eduardo de Habich) (31 January 1835, Warsaw – 31 October
1909, Lima, Peru) was a Polish engineer and mathematician.[1] In 1876, he
founded the National University of Engineering (Spanish: Universidad Nacional
de Ingeniería), a renowned engineering school in Lima, Peru.[2] He was a member
of the Peruvian Geographic Society and an Honorary Citizen of Peru. In his
native Poland he took part in the January Uprising against the Russian Empire
in 1863.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Burial<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Edward
Jan Habich is buried at the Cementerio Presbítero Matías Maestro, Lima, Peru.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8rRKUbUtkBnG_ducPCOqiHUeezD3qkY7yGWKZLLkOY0Q8eZKjCcDMlZs7f5cQXu-USIVXy1eB1CUfJps_iTI_eGKPDvizZUPiJoycG3yvvP5qk1EgNYjkcywHmyKxzipfYVljti98dXntHXi2lAtPlE6C09P6u0hz3f-B3G_H9U8aS_O6uFRBse2MuAY/s236/monumento%202%20pinceladas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="213" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8rRKUbUtkBnG_ducPCOqiHUeezD3qkY7yGWKZLLkOY0Q8eZKjCcDMlZs7f5cQXu-USIVXy1eB1CUfJps_iTI_eGKPDvizZUPiJoycG3yvvP5qk1EgNYjkcywHmyKxzipfYVljti98dXntHXi2lAtPlE6C09P6u0hz3f-B3G_H9U8aS_O6uFRBse2MuAY/s1600/monumento%202%20pinceladas.jpg" width="213" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Monument oh Habish</span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Pinceladas de Lima</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwAIcnLUczG_qjPLe_KeNGf-O1oSI_HY7nJiMrDDw5DX-EKr2-mOKZfUK3gXK8zOU9xowpuq7ChFso-k_k7w1nurwwY0htLIruUQjXZc_cvwyMzpBEFIjri4k24og-5WUL2frWl333fqm12cCnk1WNWUcF8LpfsY3IuMFTJeWK__5hb3YHmWQSviFUdRw/s706/Avenida_Eduardo_de_Habich_1970.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="528" data-original-width="706" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwAIcnLUczG_qjPLe_KeNGf-O1oSI_HY7nJiMrDDw5DX-EKr2-mOKZfUK3gXK8zOU9xowpuq7ChFso-k_k7w1nurwwY0htLIruUQjXZc_cvwyMzpBEFIjri4k24og-5WUL2frWl333fqm12cCnk1WNWUcF8LpfsY3IuMFTJeWK__5hb3YHmWQSviFUdRw/s320/Avenida_Eduardo_de_Habich_1970.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Avenue De Habish Lima Peru</span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif5hdyD04717YPE3BO5CWKl_PFTbdvzGbTrVY8wYfkJG9AC-SjNZdBrSNjDIjeHQdTyQFH8WNLb2M5USqm21K0VacKwISm_Gg_C2bgvgpSa2YsQRzsWShajwLfVDN0QdLyxH8F3exEHQ2SRhGVdouTNSXDVpHgeNRotZnN4ClrQWCn4Tr5YSZlzB2IoHc/s263/habich%20UNI.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="192" data-original-width="263" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEif5hdyD04717YPE3BO5CWKl_PFTbdvzGbTrVY8wYfkJG9AC-SjNZdBrSNjDIjeHQdTyQFH8WNLb2M5USqm21K0VacKwISm_Gg_C2bgvgpSa2YsQRzsWShajwLfVDN0QdLyxH8F3exEHQ2SRhGVdouTNSXDVpHgeNRotZnN4ClrQWCn4Tr5YSZlzB2IoHc/s1600/habich%20UNI.jpg" width="263" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPfmc6U2v7sXqEXuqQtGJEVSvaXRxMTky-d9hmw7keKYl2pX7nCpQlXZGrwOFkxfRimDY8Dljt3Ow5HbGSTybZuSEYPDewy0j29AHBEKjdQtQyWea4NipWgZ-5D60J0kz9jNo2Awv-CLld-w5n2V8uSQY5TWSPOM3qiBdKZTuB7Ng1AlRHRYzaLUDaA34/s1920/Mural%20habich.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1920" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPfmc6U2v7sXqEXuqQtGJEVSvaXRxMTky-d9hmw7keKYl2pX7nCpQlXZGrwOFkxfRimDY8Dljt3Ow5HbGSTybZuSEYPDewy0j29AHBEKjdQtQyWea4NipWgZ-5D60J0kz9jNo2Awv-CLld-w5n2V8uSQY5TWSPOM3qiBdKZTuB7Ng1AlRHRYzaLUDaA34/s320/Mural%20habich.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mural Paint of Habish at UNI</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3-U3Ryozst2azX9jCPNTGUsBWNvzjAZih79OH3nvJ7C00td4-6HuVB2cL85BlC6Hvv28rVUQ834H95aGpaIREyUQWg0Vlqmv4MVa_Y6a2jYD3mclMIQIpjNFjU0jcd1IZrQiDLUQkTtkS1sCQ73pHnpGMW5Xtrju71YYxEH0SotyNpy7wnmf-NN1hTdQ/s774/habichdiscurso%20habich.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="406" data-original-width="774" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3-U3Ryozst2azX9jCPNTGUsBWNvzjAZih79OH3nvJ7C00td4-6HuVB2cL85BlC6Hvv28rVUQ834H95aGpaIREyUQWg0Vlqmv4MVa_Y6a2jYD3mclMIQIpjNFjU0jcd1IZrQiDLUQkTtkS1sCQ73pHnpGMW5Xtrju71YYxEH0SotyNpy7wnmf-NN1hTdQ/s320/habichdiscurso%20habich.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-24811365528732235902024-01-07T21:32:00.000-08:002024-01-07T21:32:31.508-08:00Mario Zagallo<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3sK_vbwDCF7EqCyQFDaliBBWNN1iKJswvj6sIploqyepw7pvnW674ixUcc3kG8QE2fkLR6Spf6KcRVkty2iygdHZEPLVqQ8Jk2Qxxxej8oHl0pcNOg3Utxct2lM_9wq9U400O2PP-5hH3LKxozHJ4Lzv67kC3F0uRQK8ISOXXzzMSffPuPMfwXBgIzZU/s1200/Zagalo%20con%20bequenbauer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1200" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3sK_vbwDCF7EqCyQFDaliBBWNN1iKJswvj6sIploqyepw7pvnW674ixUcc3kG8QE2fkLR6Spf6KcRVkty2iygdHZEPLVqQ8Jk2Qxxxej8oHl0pcNOg3Utxct2lM_9wq9U400O2PP-5hH3LKxozHJ4Lzv67kC3F0uRQK8ISOXXzzMSffPuPMfwXBgIzZU/s320/Zagalo%20con%20bequenbauer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mario
Zagallo<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYLBaQjdSu0tEvF8uSqSzFXoK-Uf7nxUzLKOqn_poBM2OnFRapEFp3E7nkFP1YJpZxBSSylb-rToCnlSABLgvksYVBcNQdZUmxU_XxtB12rwAEq11zS5mOp_cx7LHqr-aj2AeYUtjDLUb56UiGKi2UG9iqlrMxZBRBFcWysu16KalHGtIOTzSQdnEbe04/s400/Mario%20Zagallo%204%20portada.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="288" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYLBaQjdSu0tEvF8uSqSzFXoK-Uf7nxUzLKOqn_poBM2OnFRapEFp3E7nkFP1YJpZxBSSylb-rToCnlSABLgvksYVBcNQdZUmxU_XxtB12rwAEq11zS5mOp_cx7LHqr-aj2AeYUtjDLUb56UiGKi2UG9iqlrMxZBRBFcWysu16KalHGtIOTzSQdnEbe04/s320/Mario%20Zagallo%204%20portada.jpg" width="230" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_pNdnRrGCPp7KXxv688zT6tQndYELdGFpCN18BDxTlp6S76Byc_5D5BDhlKziKucvePkZZGygirRSpAW6TemNzLeo8HzpEyIM72XXz3AkkcN6zVuaMH1c4NGcLfTRwZMPCi9f-UF1P8P8lSynFklgicxuTh2twTZvmYiw6H2JnIyhEgqZvyiVRmOzdLI/s1024/07zagallo2-vpjk-jumboMario%20Zagallo%201.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="663" data-original-width="1024" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_pNdnRrGCPp7KXxv688zT6tQndYELdGFpCN18BDxTlp6S76Byc_5D5BDhlKziKucvePkZZGygirRSpAW6TemNzLeo8HzpEyIM72XXz3AkkcN6zVuaMH1c4NGcLfTRwZMPCi9f-UF1P8P8lSynFklgicxuTh2twTZvmYiw6H2JnIyhEgqZvyiVRmOzdLI/s320/07zagallo2-vpjk-jumboMario%20Zagallo%201.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Brazil
legend Mario Zagallo, ‘the accidental footballer’, dies aged 92<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Zagallo
won four World Cups as either a player or coach in a storied football career<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Source: THE <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>INDEPENDEN London<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Pedro Fonseca<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Andrew Downie<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Zagallo won four World Cups as either a
player or coach in a storied football career<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Mario Zagallo coached the 1970 Brazil World
Cup squad that featured greats such as Pele, Jairzinho, Rivellino and Tostao<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mario
Zagallo, who won four football World Cups for Brazil as either player or coach,
including the 1970 side considered by many to be the best ever, has died,
according to a post on his official Instagram account on Saturday. He was 92.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A tough
and talented left-winger, Zagallo played in the team that won Brazil’s first
World Cup in 1958 and kept his place in the side that retained the title four
years later.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1970,
he coached a Brazil squad that featured all-time greats such as Pele,
Jairzinho, Rivellino and Tostao – one that many consider the greatest national
team ever to play the game. They won Brazil’s third World Cup in Mexico.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisRQbbFX958wyJNeIAJsr98oVA97P5OwbmgoCJFaA3GmpNqE5gaRW6QTdvpymj2I0L7eiY9M51fpd0KVuzNZfaqH5HY7-C9Wois2MJg9DH8VYt43gt_5_3dm7gui9FAATw4r-10e2Zxmk34XakNvj4Ye82gpcI7Qq48n8EiolXkPyvOqswevKZCRtvwyc/s2952/Brasil%20Pele.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1993" data-original-width="2952" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisRQbbFX958wyJNeIAJsr98oVA97P5OwbmgoCJFaA3GmpNqE5gaRW6QTdvpymj2I0L7eiY9M51fpd0KVuzNZfaqH5HY7-C9Wois2MJg9DH8VYt43gt_5_3dm7gui9FAATw4r-10e2Zxmk34XakNvj4Ye82gpcI7Qq48n8EiolXkPyvOqswevKZCRtvwyc/s320/Brasil%20Pele.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">That made
Zagallo the first person in the sport to win a World Cup as both a player and a
manager.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Later, he
was assistant coach to Carlos Alberto Parreira when Brazil won their fourth
title in 1994 in the United States.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFqzttdPv1DlYQNuUH3lFZbup7F9s44_-0OalCkVsHZCchott3v_kuaMrV7hTuUl1h1ZJIFPUWs1odg-uHAYNrKRmdFo6S0BtoPfiKYWSa0viaOfYtJCy9Kdjvo3hFnskhco-GyzfK9JdkBsCMaLCtDS_Ezx1r1C3iZNBwV1J9x88BcyOt_yDt3rEuPHM/s1140/i.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="641" data-original-width="1140" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFqzttdPv1DlYQNuUH3lFZbup7F9s44_-0OalCkVsHZCchott3v_kuaMrV7hTuUl1h1ZJIFPUWs1odg-uHAYNrKRmdFo6S0BtoPfiKYWSa0viaOfYtJCy9Kdjvo3hFnskhco-GyzfK9JdkBsCMaLCtDS_Ezx1r1C3iZNBwV1J9x88BcyOt_yDt3rEuPHM/s320/i.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">His
Brazilian fans loved him for his idiosyncratic personality and unapologetic
nationalism. He liked to say he was born with victory at his side and was
rarely shy to challenge those who said his teams were too defensive.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">One of
his most famous outbursts came after Brazil won the Copa America in Bolivia in
1997. His team were unfancied but when the final whistle went, an emotional
Zagallo, his face red thanks to the rarified air of La Paz, screamed into the
television cameras: “You’re going to have to put up with me!”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><p>Nicknamed
the ‘Old Wolf’, Zagallo was a successful coach of Brazil as well as a World
Cup-winning player </p><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nicknamed
the ‘Old Wolf’, Zagallo was a successful coach of Brazil as well as a World
Cup-winning player<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">(AFP via
Getty)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
phrase is still frequently repeated by Brazilians in all walks of life
celebrating vindication.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Zagallo
was also known for being highly superstitious and believed the number 13
brought him luck. He liked to coin phrases that contained 13 letters, he got
married on the 13th of the month, and once even joked he would retire from the
game at 13:00 on 13 July 2013.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
accidental footballer<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nicknamed
the “Old Wolf”, Mario Jorge Lobo Zagallo was born on 9 August 1931, in Maceio on
Brazil’s impoverished northeast coast. His family moved to Rio de Janeiro
before his first birthday and it was there that he fell in love with football.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">His first
dream was to be an airline pilot but he was forced to abandon that due to poor
eyesight. Instead, he studied accountancy and played soccer in his spare time
with local side America – then one of the biggest clubs in the city.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“My
father didn’t want me to be a football player, he wouldn’t let me,” Zagallo
said in an interview published by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF).
“Back then it wasn’t a profession that was respected, society didn’t look
kindly on it... That’s why I say football came into my life by accident.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Zagallo started
as a left midfielder, wearing the No 10 shirt, which back then, before Pele,
had not yet assumed the significance it has today. But intuition told him he
was in the wrong place at the wrong time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“I saw it
would be hard to get into the Brazil side wearing the No 10 shirt as there were
lots of great players in that position,” he said. “So I moved from left
midfield to left wing.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A tough
and talented left-winger, Zagallo (centre) won the 1958 and 1962 World Cups as
a player.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">He also
moved from America to Flamengo, where he won three Carioca state championship
medals. The latter half of his career was spent at city rivals Botafogo, where
he won two more state titles.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrURg4KiHROyqWNYRrifJ38Y3q0dB6DdoqOZ2gBFXJrUSqj1QCcGpT2RB2-Y-8ugest0lE3sCoJJN7nKe3DNJ2LXA_LZl5-DXWKh0UQCxkEmEAkntHEuTUIS3hAT-iUVwItVxUQjPwDygPLu-Z3oC2IqI4LEOfHbeAg6O4dWoz9tVGku9uxRbQ__w8j0E/s612/gettyimages-79036836-612x612Zagallo%20botafogo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="601" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrURg4KiHROyqWNYRrifJ38Y3q0dB6DdoqOZ2gBFXJrUSqj1QCcGpT2RB2-Y-8ugest0lE3sCoJJN7nKe3DNJ2LXA_LZl5-DXWKh0UQCxkEmEAkntHEuTUIS3hAT-iUVwItVxUQjPwDygPLu-Z3oC2IqI4LEOfHbeAg6O4dWoz9tVGku9uxRbQ__w8j0E/s320/gettyimages-79036836-612x612Zagallo%20botafogo.jpg" width="314" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">His first
World Cup came in Sweden in 1958, where he started all six matches and played
alongside Garrincha and Pele, who was then just 17.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">“I was 27
and Pele was 17,” he said. “That’s why I say that I never played with him, but
that he played with me.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Four
years later in Chile he was champion again, but he only guaranteed his place
after making some tactical alterations. Zagallo would hang back to help mark
the rival full-back and when his side won the ball he would roar up the wing.
It was unusual for forwards to help in defence and he is credited with changing
the way wingers played the game.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">As a
coach, Zagallo led a string of Brazilian clubs, but he made his mark when he
was drafted in to replace the controversial Joao Saldanha as Brazil coach just
months before the 1970 Mexico World Cup.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Brazil’s
form had been erratic and they were not fancied, but Zagallo pulled the
star-studded team together, capping a tremendous showing with a memorable 4-1
triumph over Italy in the final.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Zagallo was
a last-minute appointment as Brazil coach ahead of the 1970 World Cup but led a
star-studded team including Pele to glory.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Zagallo
(right) was a last-minute appointment as Brazil coach ahead of the 1970 World
Cup but led a star-studded team including Pele <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to glory<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Zagallo
stayed on until 1974, taking Brazil to fourth place in West Germany, but it was
a disappointing performance that was followed by spells managing clubs back
home and national sides in the Middle East.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">He was an
assistant to Parreira in 1994, when Brazil won their fourth title, and in 2006,
when they were knocked out in the quarter-finals. And he was in charge in 1998
when Brazil lost 3-0 to hosts France in the final after star striker Ronaldo
was hit by convulsions just hours before the match.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The 2006
denouement was a tough one for Zagallo, who had been unwell in the lead-up to
the tournament. He was clearly finding management a strain, and retired from
the game.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Always
ebullient and ever popular, he did not disappear from public view, though, and often
appeared on television, at gala awards and helping out at the CBF.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">He
married Alcina de Castro in 1955 and remained with her until her death in 2012.
The couple had four children.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvmihSbtmzarl7p3znVlvaiXC_3NnWhL3ZYBRs2dxvTCUD-vGxWODexH64MqEhzTIQkvQJBlHVqbJCAvaOZaFStkEveuKra6cxefT3117qxiQPpAFHXhPcASuoBrmKeg_3IAB1CVIr7BDn-SmeIttOewl6f2lW0hmfWAkljD9dqXFtjxRj0eWuJXmovg8/s264/downloadzAGALO%20TETRA%20CAMPEON.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="148" data-original-width="264" height="148" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvmihSbtmzarl7p3znVlvaiXC_3NnWhL3ZYBRs2dxvTCUD-vGxWODexH64MqEhzTIQkvQJBlHVqbJCAvaOZaFStkEveuKra6cxefT3117qxiQPpAFHXhPcASuoBrmKeg_3IAB1CVIr7BDn-SmeIttOewl6f2lW0hmfWAkljD9dqXFtjxRj0eWuJXmovg8/s1600/downloadzAGALO%20TETRA%20CAMPEON.jpg" width="264" /></a></div><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-83536881166325397052023-12-29T01:53:00.000-08:002023-12-29T01:53:06.156-08:00 Aung San Suu Kyi<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Free Aung San Suu Kyi<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy86VLrWg89A7DfhiYNZfgR8QstIRzP5_5VIJJIYPqMZqPuCC0CJjHeO6KJlS3uXsS8_7sgpIkr5Bkt3717_PBkSAIH9nvY8jhYCKWxdML6HIvH5fQt1d8MUs6mTQiDizygVVE4WI-CHsNRsx_jXOq4JtLLaUP69uwXXxEQNdXwfuXj3eu8say2dg6IhA/s1800/Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1800" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy86VLrWg89A7DfhiYNZfgR8QstIRzP5_5VIJJIYPqMZqPuCC0CJjHeO6KJlS3uXsS8_7sgpIkr5Bkt3717_PBkSAIH9nvY8jhYCKWxdML6HIvH5fQt1d8MUs6mTQiDizygVVE4WI-CHsNRsx_jXOq4JtLLaUP69uwXXxEQNdXwfuXj3eu8say2dg6IhA/s320/Remise_du_Prix_Sakharov_%C3%A0_Aung_San_Suu_Kyi_Strasbourg_22_octobre_2013-18.jpg" width="213" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqgl4H8viKbN5kx8XRzvPBWYA1NVy9-Sh5I5-iJ5FJ7fMP7Sjbg0b4gpAqKfJzSIQXrCxuAg28Rjt8VDsL4yaeuUKtt5bN06EAU_vm-aSMFKX6wz4FzE_uFFUWlVV3zyaAZS63vvnJpFvmBVohXJ9jMaCzvefMTpXrtdGxLSSIR1CCgGpDT15alhssReI/s6000/Myanmar_Anniversary_00015.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3999" data-original-width="6000" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqgl4H8viKbN5kx8XRzvPBWYA1NVy9-Sh5I5-iJ5FJ7fMP7Sjbg0b4gpAqKfJzSIQXrCxuAg28Rjt8VDsL4yaeuUKtt5bN06EAU_vm-aSMFKX6wz4FzE_uFFUWlVV3zyaAZS63vvnJpFvmBVohXJ9jMaCzvefMTpXrtdGxLSSIR1CCgGpDT15alhssReI/s320/Myanmar_Anniversary_00015.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Forsaken but not
forgotten:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">As
Myanmar’s jailed leader begins her third year in isolation in a jungle prison,
we demand: world leaders must no longer look the other way – they must join
forces to campaign for her release<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Source:
The independent London<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Peter
Popham<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A Myanmar
activist holds a portrait of Aung San Suu Kyi during a protest at the Chinese
embassy in Bangkok in August 2009<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8irAdGy2957MNxw4tZm1bzjpp5v7yZq9XM2BacHyuD26m2Lw-RfAjt7UCNmIoI0Zt-fVRarMDluzrhyphenhyphenGeliQO-iPL32NhOj1iQzIFkZgNyPo7m7IiNbzexrbDHs8m0W_FmLbYc2KIKhcLEIztyau4tt3GjK76GwhLQaSPI2UjAukEMYW5h1i2e0ADNdw/s612/gettyimages-89820280-612x612.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="429" data-original-width="612" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8irAdGy2957MNxw4tZm1bzjpp5v7yZq9XM2BacHyuD26m2Lw-RfAjt7UCNmIoI0Zt-fVRarMDluzrhyphenhyphenGeliQO-iPL32NhOj1iQzIFkZgNyPo7m7IiNbzexrbDHs8m0W_FmLbYc2KIKhcLEIztyau4tt3GjK76GwhLQaSPI2UjAukEMYW5h1i2e0ADNdw/s320/gettyimages-89820280-612x612.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Somewhere
in a prison within a prison in the jungles of eastern Myanmar, a frail elderly
woman prepares to begin her third year in isolation – with the prospect of
living like that for the rest of her life.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">If anyone
on earth has the inner strength to survive such an ordeal, it is Aung San Suu
Kyi. Seventy-eight now, it is more than 30 years since she was first put under
house arrest; she has spent 18 years of her life with little company but the
sound of her own voice.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The
difference this time, and a shameful one, is that a world which for many years
lionized her now appears to have written her off.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">When she
was first detained in her home in 1989, after spearheading a non-violent
movement of opposition to the murderous Burmese military junta, she was
compared with Gandhi and Mandela and awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Many other
honours followed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic7omjGdEnDOnI1qnbdH2br96VOfrfzkZnvoBatBDUIG6As3BvpewLczWtEEnyw3xN8rn2KFYZ_xUHmZpLDQS_LG-OROZvNw0TigjVZTHH8cGzDmW8UrSseQxozrqEyRrCloKCdwziGygu8sfEE1R6d2CFNPyVS8wAGO-cJ_9cjqkcCnwqQJ4MTuAf4H8/s650/aung-san-suu-kyi-afp_650x400_71517640216.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="650" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic7omjGdEnDOnI1qnbdH2br96VOfrfzkZnvoBatBDUIG6As3BvpewLczWtEEnyw3xN8rn2KFYZ_xUHmZpLDQS_LG-OROZvNw0TigjVZTHH8cGzDmW8UrSseQxozrqEyRrCloKCdwziGygu8sfEE1R6d2CFNPyVS8wAGO-cJ_9cjqkcCnwqQJ4MTuAf4H8/s320/aung-san-suu-kyi-afp_650x400_71517640216.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">It is more
than 30 years since Aung San Suu Kyi was first put under house arrest<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">This
time, in February 2021, when her National League for Democracy was about to
take office for a second term, sharing power with the military, she and her
colleagues were arrested as the army swept democracy aside to seize total power
– but the world looked the other way. We didn’t want to know.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Suu Kyi,
we declared, was an Islamophobe, the army’s useful idiot, a politician who as
state counsellor had in 2017 gone out of her way to defend a campaign against
the Rohingya minority in Arakan state which had driven hundreds of thousands of
them into exile in Bangladesh.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Nothing
could excuse that. Her halo was shattered, the aura of saintliness that her
extraordinary beauty had once reinforced long gone.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">She was
no longer someone to be loved and lionised; and as Myanmar itself was well off
most people’s maps, she was no longer even of interest.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Suu Kyi
never courted celebrity – she was already in isolation when she first became famous
– but she is a classic victim of celebrity culture’s triviality: consumed in
happy ignorance, then vomited in distaste.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">She made
mistakes, blunders even, as a politician, and because her blind spot was Islam,
which happens to be our blind spot too, she was beyond redemption.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">But
that’s not how history will see her, and it’s not how her people see her. For a
stubborn majority of Burmese, she remains the one person who has for 35 years
given them hope that their 53 million-strong nation’s wretched history might be
redeemed.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Aung San
Suu Kyi was first arrested after spearheading a non-violent movement of
opposition to the Burmese military junta<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ZLkiTnzZG-DJNqIHrZAoPXXEcxsj6fOyeid8eZa-DITDDKvMHuEquYeTczkt_ZtSQDq0YDGT0o4fNqxO14Cl2X0vkbsvnSZkSCeJSoaONWoiCwIzJGDIk5su5MINSsBZu9GQbELRZQzxrz-Qch5IINs9YQsF1DR_0RNpbCE8MPB8QOPm0eVJzWEk4xk/s1200/_methode_times_prod_web_bin_751eca57-8887-490e-93c3-73dfb2fcf3e7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="674" data-original-width="1200" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8ZLkiTnzZG-DJNqIHrZAoPXXEcxsj6fOyeid8eZa-DITDDKvMHuEquYeTczkt_ZtSQDq0YDGT0o4fNqxO14Cl2X0vkbsvnSZkSCeJSoaONWoiCwIzJGDIk5su5MINSsBZu9GQbELRZQzxrz-Qch5IINs9YQsF1DR_0RNpbCE8MPB8QOPm0eVJzWEk4xk/s320/_methode_times_prod_web_bin_751eca57-8887-490e-93c3-73dfb2fcf3e7.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With his son</span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpEKUw8YmjzTvH4AL13KU7Al9wohhFA-aHSBWt4dl7juZnoj-XVPgMAO1Qthf2wWna2nMo68KV9GqG02XZYBGWeq_2-0_0FhGjBT3S4iycohZlDBXezL0RDb3ExFLxiJEUHy26A4GwdW-kP7-EQX4V-Ijt90JgIJEtk12Vn3WQ7XV19i9Y6iztUWm-Lgw/s1150/Aung-San-Suu-Kyi.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="737" data-original-width="1150" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpEKUw8YmjzTvH4AL13KU7Al9wohhFA-aHSBWt4dl7juZnoj-XVPgMAO1Qthf2wWna2nMo68KV9GqG02XZYBGWeq_2-0_0FhGjBT3S4iycohZlDBXezL0RDb3ExFLxiJEUHy26A4GwdW-kP7-EQX4V-Ijt90JgIJEtk12Vn3WQ7XV19i9Y6iztUWm-Lgw/s320/Aung-San-Suu-Kyi.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The army
knows that, and fears it: that’s why, not content with isolating her, the
regime has staged a series of show trials on flimsy charges and loaded her with
jail sentences totalling 27 years. She faces staying in jail till she is 105.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">But
perhaps the future will be more interesting than that.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">When Suu
Kyi, a self-described housewife from Oxford who had returned to Myanmar to
nurse her sick mother, led her party to a landslide victory in the general
election of 1990, despite being locked in her home, it was the first fair poll
for a generation; yet the result was disregarded by the junta.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Twenty
years on, by contrast, her party had already been in power for a full five-year
term, and in February 2021 was poised to start another; democracy had put down
roots. The popular reaction to Senior General Min Aung Hlaing’s action was fast
and furious and countrywide and has never let up.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Myanmar’s
chronic problem is that, being an artificial country thrown together at the
whim of British imperialists, it has been beset by insurgencies ever since it
was born as Burma in 1948.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">The army
justifies its power by the need to break the rebellions, but its brutality has
always had the opposite effect. And this time around it has sparked violent
resistance not only in the country’s ethnic fringes but in the heartland, too.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A
particular hotspot has been Shan state in the east where ethnic Chinese rebels
forced the army into peace talks back in June.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">A Burmese
proverb runs, “when China spits, Burma swims”. The giant neighbour has always
played an outsize role in the country’s destiny.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Aung San
Suu Kyi met with President Obama in the White House in 2012<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG8uYfbFY0Ur1igsBBGRi4nAIDMNeyx1wfdxvmaLKU9IIynD4Qtpui7zher5rex9R4ICIHRuDQaa7c6Nll51_V2mx_eBEMcuhh3wOfWgky37oP7PbUsMCBQGV3Ju6dgLfiMUMx4ofSkKqMQF47y6yIFx0htHqAvEfiEibyYFT5eRobVkNfOLjVkmxNFwg/s976/_103405360_gettyimages-152364061.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="549" data-original-width="976" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG8uYfbFY0Ur1igsBBGRi4nAIDMNeyx1wfdxvmaLKU9IIynD4Qtpui7zher5rex9R4ICIHRuDQaa7c6Nll51_V2mx_eBEMcuhh3wOfWgky37oP7PbUsMCBQGV3Ju6dgLfiMUMx4ofSkKqMQF47y6yIFx0htHqAvEfiEibyYFT5eRobVkNfOLjVkmxNFwg/s320/_103405360_gettyimages-152364061.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvMD092z4vsIYY3DjxWlHRR6F1ao8VLvS6LaUPHudPwz9YPEY-wswquR0MWl1l12_vG2ckcdTzyU5m617dd3B1Q6M8-rXyBrcZlNXfVUMk7Nyhs0mkalgsjhYXqlXnorOSNy1ZnkyvOEZp1TK1yqGE2DBiZOHgjWvS-FYe-k1l7E1Xya7PyIeIJ2YeEdY/s1609/1495312653202.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1609" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvMD092z4vsIYY3DjxWlHRR6F1ao8VLvS6LaUPHudPwz9YPEY-wswquR0MWl1l12_vG2ckcdTzyU5m617dd3B1Q6M8-rXyBrcZlNXfVUMk7Nyhs0mkalgsjhYXqlXnorOSNy1ZnkyvOEZp1TK1yqGE2DBiZOHgjWvS-FYe-k1l7E1Xya7PyIeIJ2YeEdY/s320/1495312653202.jpeg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">While it
remains improbable that the State Administration Council (as the junta calls
itself) will be overthrown by rebels, it’s clear that Beijing hates to have
such chaos on its doorstep: it’s very bad for business.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Suu Kyi
was several times an honoured guest at Chinese state jamborees but that favour
has conspicuously not been extended to Min Aung Hlaing.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With
Burmese army losses mounting right across the country, and defections now
claimed to be 15,000, it’s not impossible that the generals will be forced to
swallow a demand for general peace talks; nor, if Min Aung Hlaing were shuffled
off into retirement, that the bravest old lady in the world might emerge once
more in triumph.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhul06DYhJ_X9oT_KFouL_YgyBTa2OvF7RL4GXl5kJl-A_hciQgPMQiFEGmZIj81LFvbI4t8EzvjTpViR6T1lq_8JdgKa0Wud1JytNKap_HxbvV7wueSOHyzPutokQbfZYhUu8fy-PNOb9WNiGkLM-Nbp2My5zxMv1w5JYt5YiShJb63j4D6_B2SAT47Qw/s900/aung-san-suu-kyi-one-year-the-national.jpg.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="900" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhul06DYhJ_X9oT_KFouL_YgyBTa2OvF7RL4GXl5kJl-A_hciQgPMQiFEGmZIj81LFvbI4t8EzvjTpViR6T1lq_8JdgKa0Wud1JytNKap_HxbvV7wueSOHyzPutokQbfZYhUu8fy-PNOb9WNiGkLM-Nbp2My5zxMv1w5JYt5YiShJb63j4D6_B2SAT47Qw/s320/aung-san-suu-kyi-one-year-the-national.jpg.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Peter
Popham is the author of ‘The Lady and the Peacock’ and ‘The Lady and the
Generals’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-19904999341831474582023-12-25T23:29:00.000-08:002023-12-26T02:43:01.432-08:00Poems : Rudyard Kipling<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Poems</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Rudyard Kipling</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">IF<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUnRsX8mS1YHZNOluzoKpWv4Cl_E2gwX3iqYf86-uvr1RFh2oeTLb-8gbT09PBeN4vfAuaEyIiMMJHQHNP22qdeWVryurkogJwMjYFH9lIukM5sV3wgP5qYtbH3k5Avm3oKaxTV4nDTAqtyutgm_NYBC2uaSdVm-wk7iOhKvo_1NUTOrriwhnHliH05qk/s274/images%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="184" data-original-width="274" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUnRsX8mS1YHZNOluzoKpWv4Cl_E2gwX3iqYf86-uvr1RFh2oeTLb-8gbT09PBeN4vfAuaEyIiMMJHQHNP22qdeWVryurkogJwMjYFH9lIukM5sV3wgP5qYtbH3k5Avm3oKaxTV4nDTAqtyutgm_NYBC2uaSdVm-wk7iOhKvo_1NUTOrriwhnHliH05qk/s1600/images%20(2).jpg" width="274" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can keep your head when all about you<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Are
losing theirs and blaming it on you;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can trust yours</span><b><span style="color: black;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">elf when
all men doubt you,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But make
allowance for their doubting too:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can wait and not be tired by waiting,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Or, being
lied about, don't deal in lies,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Or being
hated don't give way to hating,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Yet do
not look too good, nor talk too wise;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can dream - and not make dreams your master;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can think - and not make thoughts your aim,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can meet with Triumph and Disaster<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And treat
those two impostors just the same:.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can bear to hear the truth, you have spoken<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Twisted
by knaves to make a trap for fools,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Or watch
the things you gave your life to, broken,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And stoop
and build'em up with worn-out tools;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can make one heap of all your winnings<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And risk
it on one turn of pitch-and-toss,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And lose,
and start again at your beginnings,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And never
breathe a word about your loss:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can force your heart and nerve and sinew<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">To serve
your turn long after they are gone,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And so
hold on when there is nothing in you<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Except
the Will which says to them: "Hold on!"<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Or walk
with Kings - nor lose the common touch,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If
neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If all
men count with you, but none too much:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If you
can fill the unforgiving minute<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With
sixty seconds' worth of distance run,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Yours is
the Earth and everything that's in it,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And -
which is more - you'll be a Man, my son!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Power of the Dog<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijW-4g_n1zKl06Vt3QGA5xkLwZxJvJDa7Rsc1EmeHjDXulq1TZFD-8NkRNDRTiKSrXaMNARrPZiAXbjCF9bRbXowgas0I9Mb1ff3MVRQXeLb4yvjKYbuPK7qgDlp54vP69jYrNwU_wPRYsrRgai24yCAgVjXRTnyNl7u4EofU8bgcUt9iQpHGACsSf-cs/s1000/flat,750x,075,f-pad,750x1000,f8f8f8.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="750" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijW-4g_n1zKl06Vt3QGA5xkLwZxJvJDa7Rsc1EmeHjDXulq1TZFD-8NkRNDRTiKSrXaMNARrPZiAXbjCF9bRbXowgas0I9Mb1ff3MVRQXeLb4yvjKYbuPK7qgDlp54vP69jYrNwU_wPRYsrRgai24yCAgVjXRTnyNl7u4EofU8bgcUt9iQpHGACsSf-cs/s320/flat,750x,075,f-pad,750x1000,f8f8f8.jpg" width="240" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There is
sorrow enough in the natural way<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">From men
and women to fill our day;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And when
we are certain of sorrow in store,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Why do we
always arrange for more?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Brothers
and Sisters, I bid you beware<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Of giving
your heart to a dog to tear.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Buy a pup
and your money will buy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Love
unflinching that cannot lie—<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Perfect
passion and worship fed<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By a kick
in the ribs or a pat on the head.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nevertheless
it is hardly fair<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">To risk
your heart for a dog to tear.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When the fourteen
years which Nature permits<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Are
closing in asthma, or tumour, or fits,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And the
vet’s unspoken prescription runs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">To lethal
chambers or loaded guns,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Then you
will find—it’s your own affair—<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But …
you’ve given your heart to a dog to tear.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When the
body that lived at your single will,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With its
whimper of welcome, is stilled (how still!).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When the
spirit that answered your every mood<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Is
gone—wherever it goes—for good,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">You will
discover how much you care,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And will
give your heart to a dog to tear.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">We’ve
sorrow enough in the natural way,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">When it
comes to burying Christian clay.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Our loves
are not given, but only lent,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">At
compound interest of cent per cent.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Though it
is not always the case, I believe,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">That the
longer we’ve kept them, the more do we grieve:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For, when
debts are payable, right or wrong,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A
short-time loan is as bad as a long—<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">So why
in—Heaven (before we are there)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Should we
give our hearts to a dog to tear.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<h1 style="text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Way through the Woods<o:p></o:p></span></h1><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAEMLUHUEeglGcvLf21psGakcJIPAfr0Nt9a6ahyQkct00m5oAvcWFmK5y6AFyPfMME1QhgANFAE5x-lfUCu54dFQAc49OeGHWf-A3EUMWj91nIQ_mycZpLFmaLxFzRnVgJ5QPpfsTE8rixl1U9US19JrD_zlv5TV49sCGx8lussCzfKZPMUgSWst-V0Q/s485/15441afabcc99587238266054485.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="303" data-original-width="485" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAEMLUHUEeglGcvLf21psGakcJIPAfr0Nt9a6ahyQkct00m5oAvcWFmK5y6AFyPfMME1QhgANFAE5x-lfUCu54dFQAc49OeGHWf-A3EUMWj91nIQ_mycZpLFmaLxFzRnVgJ5QPpfsTE8rixl1U9US19JrD_zlv5TV49sCGx8lussCzfKZPMUgSWst-V0Q/s320/15441afabcc99587238266054485.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></div>
<p style="line-height: 18pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif;">THEY shut the road through the woods<br />
Seventy years ago.<br />
Weather and rain have undone it again,<br />
And now you would never know<br />
There was once a path through the woods <br />
Before they planted the trees:<br />
It is underneath the coppice and heath,<br />
And the thin anemones.<br />
Only the keeper sees<br />
That, where the ring-dove broods <br />
And the badgers roll at ease,<br />
There was once a road through the woods.<br />
<br />
Yet, if you enter the woods<br />
Of a summer evening late,<br />
When the night-air cools on the trout-ring’d pools <br />
Where the otter whistles his mate<br />
(They fear not men in the woods<br />
Because they see so few),<br />
You will hear the beat of a horse’s feet<br />
And the swish of a skirt in the dew,<br />
Steadily cantering through<br />
The misty solitudes,<br />
As though they perfectly knew<br />
The old lost road through the woods ...<br />
But there is no road through the woods.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Glory of the Garden<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikap7964x5V6VYqrWYd8JzXVw8pkscj1jObWQ_PzDIVrfs9d7UycRrSjjDv5SISYjheMj0IhmAW0zDk7tHOkKVOkqvMEv7vRtV_CF3sUZseYkJejeriFvYnVDSbZsvRqKSGxply25rgZG7CBlx_Eh_Wp6-zfICBSL8QpaJ7iIAefgUbEoQJWTfAHidg4A/s225/download%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikap7964x5V6VYqrWYd8JzXVw8pkscj1jObWQ_PzDIVrfs9d7UycRrSjjDv5SISYjheMj0IhmAW0zDk7tHOkKVOkqvMEv7vRtV_CF3sUZseYkJejeriFvYnVDSbZsvRqKSGxply25rgZG7CBlx_Eh_Wp6-zfICBSL8QpaJ7iIAefgUbEoQJWTfAHidg4A/s1600/download%20(1).jpg" width="225" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq__K8m4x4oKZjLI7XAQrnE-T86ryoHlT7QBYZ44f1Gq-BsuvJt-TrV23Os6fYF6hpXCzHs-tvw6K0NdmiypBL57SXs-qZQdw39jmr5p3hdtEZg1sRXY5w0xsXN2SjPnsVYs2K06D4ewr4cWRPLaSHs0EjzpsfPVKtnii_7P_CkMoEHuMCZyT2ogH-eCw/s1390/jardinero-regando-plantas-de-marco-frio-posado-para-ilustrar-el-poema-de-rudyard-kipling-la-gloria-del-jardin-2b1cwae.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="1045" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjq__K8m4x4oKZjLI7XAQrnE-T86ryoHlT7QBYZ44f1Gq-BsuvJt-TrV23Os6fYF6hpXCzHs-tvw6K0NdmiypBL57SXs-qZQdw39jmr5p3hdtEZg1sRXY5w0xsXN2SjPnsVYs2K06D4ewr4cWRPLaSHs0EjzpsfPVKtnii_7P_CkMoEHuMCZyT2ogH-eCw/s320/jardinero-regando-plantas-de-marco-frio-posado-para-ilustrar-el-poema-de-rudyard-kipling-la-gloria-del-jardin-2b1cwae.jpg" width="241" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Our England is a garden that is full of stately views,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Of borders, beds and shrubberies and lawns and avenues,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With statues on the terraces and peacocks strutting by;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But the Glory of the Garden lies in more than meets the eye.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For where the old thick laurels grow, along the thin red wall,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">You'll find the tool- and potting-sheds which are the heart of
all<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The cold-frames and the hot-houses, the dung-pits and the tanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The rollers, carts, and drain-pipes, with the barrows and the
planks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And there you'll see the gardeners, the men and 'prentice boys<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Told off to do as they are bid and do it without noise ;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For, except when seeds are planted and we shout to scare the
birds,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Glory of the Garden it abideth not in words.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And some can pot begonias and some can bud a rose,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And some are hardly fit to trust with anything that grows ;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But they can roll and trim the lawns and sift the sand and loam,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For the Glory of the Garden occupieth all who come.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Our England is a garden, and such gardens are not made<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By singing, "Oh, how beautiful," and sitting in the
shade<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">While better men than we go out and start their working lives<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">At grubbing weeds from gravel-paths with broken dinner-knives.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There's not a pair of legs so thin, there's not a head so thick,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There's not a hand so weak and white, nor yet a heart so sick<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">But it can find some needful job that's crying to be done<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">,<o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For the Glory of the Garden glorified every one.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Then seek your job with thankfulness and work till further
orders,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">If it's only netting strawberries or killing slugs on borders;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And when your back stops aching and your hands begin to harden,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">You will find yourself a partner In the Glory of the Garden.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Oh, Adam was a gardener, and God who made him sees<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">That half a proper gardener's work is done upon his knees,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">So when your work is finished, you can wash your hands and pray<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">For the Glory of the Garden that it may not pass away!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="color: #333333; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-20782558785749055742023-12-20T01:38:00.000-08:002023-12-20T14:54:45.545-08:00Alexander Borodin<p class="MsoNormal"><span class="jlqj4b"><b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The classical music composers of the 19th century<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p><p style="text-align: center;">
</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="jlqj4b"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN;">«Music has
healing power.</span></span><span class="viiyi"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; mso-ansi-language: EN;">It has the
ability to get people out of themselves for a few hours. “Elton John</span></span><span class="jlqj4b"><span lang="EN">.</span></span><span lang="EN"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><o:p> </o:p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Alexander
Borodin</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjbw8b7K0vtv_3fvCgCbaf1_HO84klgCAcC4Nd-zrHtLTayRhUSr6xb8FTnB-fchexNx_l0bR6DUXiBqotdKpB8set0zlfi3S8JluxBnmXVNYCB1l3xuW4gwK5g6NHSDvCXFa8GJq_Ur2oTt3-6-FuazIHwIirHAC0oqtBlNIw58AJee_Ou7gd2BkwbNE/s495/Borodin%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="330" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjbw8b7K0vtv_3fvCgCbaf1_HO84klgCAcC4Nd-zrHtLTayRhUSr6xb8FTnB-fchexNx_l0bR6DUXiBqotdKpB8set0zlfi3S8JluxBnmXVNYCB1l3xuW4gwK5g6NHSDvCXFa8GJq_Ur2oTt3-6-FuazIHwIirHAC0oqtBlNIw58AJee_Ou7gd2BkwbNE/s320/Borodin%20(1).jpg" width="213" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC5FkJIHk26vyHlMEf-Ij5AX1GwoADenUNEqfBpvWaK4zO6SMc1upxfymYVIMa2mZFd4E9z2tgLX-ebiBm9cjw4uuqxg9W6jQd6b0TLpnNpN9LcK9rdYlQNpI7oKPqHXqMWIfgRp8YjaKcD0eJcBATNN3c3_f7Uva5uKEmjT6-zxEXv3-SbJTfMwmSucM/s1390/aleksandr-porfiryevich-borodin-1833-1887-russian-composer-and-chemist-G36M0W-3915452528.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="971" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC5FkJIHk26vyHlMEf-Ij5AX1GwoADenUNEqfBpvWaK4zO6SMc1upxfymYVIMa2mZFd4E9z2tgLX-ebiBm9cjw4uuqxg9W6jQd6b0TLpnNpN9LcK9rdYlQNpI7oKPqHXqMWIfgRp8YjaKcD0eJcBATNN3c3_f7Uva5uKEmjT6-zxEXv3-SbJTfMwmSucM/s320/aleksandr-porfiryevich-borodin-1833-1887-russian-composer-and-chemist-G36M0W-3915452528.jpg" width="224" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Source: Wikipedia Encyclopaedia free <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Alexander
Porfiryevich Borodin (Russian: Александр Порфирьевич Бородин, tr. Aleksandr
Porfiryevich Borodin[a], IPA: [</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ɐ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">l</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ʲɪ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">k</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ˈ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">sandr p</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ɐ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ˈ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">f</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ʲ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">i</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ʲ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">j</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ɪ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">v</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ʲɪ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">t</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ɕ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> b</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ə</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">r</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ɐˈ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">d</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ʲ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">in] </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "MS Gothic"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Gothic";">ⓘ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">;[2] 12 November 1833 – 27
February 1887)[3] was a Romantic composer and chemist of Georgian-Russian
extraction. He was one of the prominent 19th-century composers known as
"The Five", a group dedicated to producing a "uniquely
Russian" kind of classical music.[4][5][6] Borodin is known best for his
symphonies, his two string quartets, the symphonic poem In the Steppes of
Central Asia and his opera Prince Igor.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A doctor
and chemist by profession and training, Borodin made important early
contributions to organic chemistry. Although he is presently known better as a
composer, he regarded medicine and science as his primary occupations, only
practising music and composition in his spare time or when he was ill.[7] As a
chemist, Borodin is known best for his work As a chemist, Borodin is known best
for his work concerning organic synthesis, including being among the first
chemists to demonstrate nucleophilic substitution, as well as being the
co-discoverer of the aldol reaction. Borodin was a promoter of education in
Russia and founded the School of Medicine for Women in Saint Petersburg, where
he taught until 1885.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Life
and profession<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Family
and personal life<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Borodin
at the age of 14<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcrkr4P62ehvucDPNexbzIhOCbq-FyV3kYelp_EI9TLcOhPVtRrLGbgaaM1I0WC0PYEaDa1tQKjqq47IIasQkXVSt4sSV4OkpXbOAkSLmJRqimdK9HEdHYbwSgp-SLd_potgBenyhOOg-ZTYc-H3sItA3emudP4JZZUBO1jZLEi2kEn2ftwleGKwW913U/s431/330px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="431" data-original-width="330" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcrkr4P62ehvucDPNexbzIhOCbq-FyV3kYelp_EI9TLcOhPVtRrLGbgaaM1I0WC0PYEaDa1tQKjqq47IIasQkXVSt4sSV4OkpXbOAkSLmJRqimdK9HEdHYbwSgp-SLd_potgBenyhOOg-ZTYc-H3sItA3emudP4JZZUBO1jZLEi2kEn2ftwleGKwW913U/s320/330px-%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87.jpg" width="245" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Borodin
was born in Saint Petersburg as an illegitimate son of a 62-year-old Georgian
nobleman, Luka Stepanovich Gedevanishvili, and a Life and profession<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Family
and personal life</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Borodin
was born in Saint Petersburg as an illegitimate son of a 62-year-old Georgian
nobleman, Luka Stepanovich Gedevanishvili, and a married 25-year-old Russian
woman, Evdokia Konstantinovna Antonova. Due to the circumstances of Alexander's
birth, the nobleman had him registered as the son of one of his Russian serfs,
Porfiry Borodin, hence the composer's Russian last name. As a result of this
registration, both Alexander and his nominal Russian father Porfiry were
officially serfs of Alexander's biological father Luka. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Georgian father emancipated Alexander from serfdom when he was 7 years old<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">and
provided housing and money for him and his mother. Despite this, his mother, whom
did young Borodin as his “aunt, never publicly recognized Alexander, refer to Despite
his status as a commoner, Borodin was well provided for by his Georgian father
and grew up in a large four-storey house, which was gifted to Alexander and his
"aunt" by the nobleman.[10] Although his registration prevented
enrollment in a proper gymnasium, Borodin received good education in all of the
subjects through private tutors at home. During 1850 he enrolled in the
Medical–Surgical Academy in Saint Petersburg, which was later the workplace of
Ivan Pavlov, and pursued a career in chemistry. On graduation he spent a year
as surgeon in a military hospital, followed by three years of advanced
scientific study in western Europe<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">During
1862, Borodin returned to Saint Petersburg to begin a professorship of
chemistry at the Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy[8] and spent the remainder
of his scientific career in research, lecturing and overseeing the education of
others. Eventually, he established medical courses for women in 1872.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He began
taking lessons in composition from Mily Balakirev during 1862. He married
Ekaterina Protopopova, a pianist, during 1863, with whom he adopted several
daughters.[11] Music remained a secondary vocation for Borodin besides his main
career as a chemist and physician. He suffered poor health, having overcome
cholera and several minor heart failures. He died suddenly during a ball at the
academy, and was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery
in Saint Petersburg.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Career
as a chemist<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSKFEfsxaDHmggZ0yaRK2AE1172u0sXdkkXGxjOdxnccX5w0JOh2zGyavrdUomk40RPqaQgCOhZ0m0qVVD5kCDEf8O1HxdHWsBkPdS2JYSjc7LBiRol0g1O6LNoabttF3ErxXSDfy0jJtM5K99yVAxocyOH8Qd2WLjfOE-GkKQJb4qABG3-K_KRmHLwLI/s768/master-img-000.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="643" data-original-width="768" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSKFEfsxaDHmggZ0yaRK2AE1172u0sXdkkXGxjOdxnccX5w0JOh2zGyavrdUomk40RPqaQgCOhZ0m0qVVD5kCDEf8O1HxdHWsBkPdS2JYSjc7LBiRol0g1O6LNoabttF3ErxXSDfy0jJtM5K99yVAxocyOH8Qd2WLjfOE-GkKQJb4qABG3-K_KRmHLwLI/s320/master-img-000.webp" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In his
profession Borodin gained great respect, being particularly noted for his work
on aldehydes.[12] Between 1859 and 1862 Borodin had a postdoctoral position at
Heidelberg University. He worked in the laboratory of Emil Erlenmeyer working
on benzene derivatives. He also spent time in Pisa, working on halocarbons. One
experiment published during 1862<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">described the first nucleophilic
displacement of chlorine by fluorine in benzoyl chloride.[13] The radical
halodecarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylic acids was first demonstrated by
Borodin during 1861 by his synthesis of methyl bromide from silver acetate.[14][15]
It was Heinz Hunsdiecker and his wife Cläre, however, who developed Borodin's
work into a general method, for which they were granted a US patent during
1939,[16] and which they published in the journal Chemische Berichte during
1942.[17] The method is<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">generally known as either the Hunsdiecker
reaction or the Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction.[15]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">During 1862, Borodin returned to the
Medical–Surgical Academy (now known as the S. M. Kirov Military Medical
Academy), and accepted a professorship of chemistry. He worked on self-</span> <span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">generally known as either the Hunsdiecker
reaction or the Hunsdiecker–Borodin reaction.[15]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">During 1862, Borodin returned to the
Medical–Surgical Academy (now known as the S. M. Kirov Military Medical
Academy), and accepted a professorship of chemistry. He worked on self-</span> <span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">condensation of small aldehydes in a
process now known as the aldol reaction, the discovery of which is jointly
credited to Borodin and Charles Adolphe Wurtz.[18][19] Borodin investigated the
condensation of valerian aldehyde and oenanth aldehyde, which was reported by
von Richter during 1869.[20][21] During 1873, he described his work to the
Russian Chemical Society[22] and noted similarities with compounds recently
reported by Wurtz.[23][24][25]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">He published his last full article during
1875 on reactions of amides and his last publication concerned a method for the
identification of urea in animal urine.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">His successor as chemistry professor of the
Medical-Surgical academy was his son-in-law and fellow chemist, Aleksandr
Dianin.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Musical
avocation<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Opera
and orchestral works<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">Borodin met Mily </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Balakirev
during 1862. While under Balakirev's tutelage in composition he began his
Symphony No. 1 in E-flat major; it was first performed during 1869, with
Balakirev conducting. During that same year Borodin started on his Symphony No.
2 in B minor, which was not particularly successful at its premiere during 1877
under Eduard Nápravník, but with some minor re-orchestration received a
successful performance during 1879 by the Free Music School under Nikolai
Rimsky-Korsakov's direction. During 1880 he composed the popular symphonic poem
In the Steppes of Central Asia. Two years later he began composing a third symphony,
but left it unfinished at his death; two movements of it were later completed
and orchestrated by Alexander Glazunov.[citation needed]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">During
1868, Borodin became distracted from initial work on the second<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">symphony
by preoccupation with the opera Prince Igor, which is considered by some to be
his most significant work and one of the most important historical Russian
operas. It contains the Polovtsian Dances, often performed as a stand-alone
concert work forming what is probably Borodin's best-known composition. Borodin
left the opera (and a few other works) incomplete at his death] Alexander
Glazunov. It is set in the 12th century, when the Russians, commanded by Prince
Igor of Seversk, determined to conquer the barbarous Polovtsians by travelling
eastward across the Steppes. The Polovtsians were apparently a nomadic tribe
originally of Turkic origin who habitually attacked southern Russia. A full
solar eclipse early during the first act foreshadows an ominous outcome to the
invasion. Prince Igor's troops are defeated. The story tells of the capture of
Prince Igor, and his son, Vladimir, of Russia by Polovtsian chief Khan Konchak,
who entertains his prisoners lavishly and orders his slaves to perform the
famous 'Polovtsian Dances',</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">which
provide a thrilling climax to the second act. The second half of the opera
finds Prince Igor returning to his homeland, but rather than finding himself in
disgrace, he is welcomed home by the townspeople and by his wife, Yaroslavna.
Although for a while rarely performed in its entirety outside of Russia, this
opera has received two notable new productions recently, one at the Bolshoi
State Opera and Ballet Company in Russia during 2013, and one at the
Metropolitan Opera Company of New York City during 2014.[<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Chamber
music<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">No other
member of the Balakirev circle identified himself so much with absolute music
as did Borodin in his two string quartets, in addition to his many earlier
chamber compositions. As a cellist, he was an enthusiastic chamber music
player, an interest that increased during his chemical studies in Heidelberg
between 1859 and 1861. This early period yielded, among other chamber works, a
string sextet and a piano quintet. Borodin based the thematic structure and
instrumental texture of his pieces on those of Felix Mendelssohn.[2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">During
1875 Borodin started his First String Quartet, much to the displeasure of
Mussorgsky and Vladimir Stasov; the other members of The Five were known to be
hostile to chamber music. The First Quartet demonstrates mastery of the string
quartet form. Borodin's Second Quartet, written in 1881, displays strong
lyricism, as in the third movement's popular "Nocturne." While the
First Quartet is richer <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">in
changes of mood, the Second Quartet has a more uniform atmosphere and expression.[27]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Musical
legacy<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvLOcqxBU8-9B5D8ugLYaUxQnPCJ6thB9uaifn80SQzRyDNryknfxgYMCPWIJnhpmLxd6B0XdOTtx0bv-BCfaQRqE7Gso5ulRso8PTP-syF09w8cCiGROUeMSzwwsSNDnNvu9ynNdcCoptXcPrhQn1qY1OYeqvubTn075JhAEBrZ_jFRZoOa2otbseQv0/s404/Borodin_by_Repin.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="404" data-original-width="255" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvLOcqxBU8-9B5D8ugLYaUxQnPCJ6thB9uaifn80SQzRyDNryknfxgYMCPWIJnhpmLxd6B0XdOTtx0bv-BCfaQRqE7Gso5ulRso8PTP-syF09w8cCiGROUeMSzwwsSNDnNvu9ynNdcCoptXcPrhQn1qY1OYeqvubTn075JhAEBrZ_jFRZoOa2otbseQv0/s320/Borodin_by_Repin.jpg" width="202" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Borodin's
fame outside the Russian Empire was made possible during his lifetime by Franz
Liszt, who arranged a performance of the Symphony No. 1 in Germany during 1880,
and by the Comtesse de Mercy-Argenteau in Belgium and France. His music is
noted for its strong lyricism and rich harmonies. Along with some influences
from Western composers, as a member of The Five, his music is also
characteristic of the Russian style. His passionate music and unusual harmonies
proved to have a lasting influence on the younger French composers Debussy and
Ravel (in homage, the latter composed during 1913 a piano piece entitled
"À la manière de Borodine").<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
evocative characteristics of Borodin's music—specifically In the Steppes of
Central Asia, his Symphony No. 2, Prince Igor – made possible the adaptation of
his compositions in the 1953 musical Kismet, by Robert Wright and George
Forrest, notably in the songs "Stranger in Paradise", "And This
Is My Beloved" and "Baubles</span> <span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Bangles, & Beads". In
1954, Borodin was posthumously awarded a Tony Award for this show.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;">1993 Russian 1 rouble coin commemorating
the 160th anniversary of Borodin's birth<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwclr1evegrhoBKoh6OZJXw7oXxmbvdWLI89L7LXIs4Ry7-QAPysgr4pb6Xe_vegYuTVeKAeMh6zvDMSFEjt2P3f8tfQTplxSRjhK4PQRLgAqzot-PDxK_94h6biN15zDE6had3wkkGzGoxMefyEJ-eatz5Ldnxc5Du3JuRdyL9tve3XdWy3wU8Ze0pZo/s270/RR5009-0011R_BU_160-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90.%D0%9F.%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="269" data-original-width="270" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwclr1evegrhoBKoh6OZJXw7oXxmbvdWLI89L7LXIs4Ry7-QAPysgr4pb6Xe_vegYuTVeKAeMh6zvDMSFEjt2P3f8tfQTplxSRjhK4PQRLgAqzot-PDxK_94h6biN15zDE6had3wkkGzGoxMefyEJ-eatz5Ldnxc5Du3JuRdyL9tve3XdWy3wU8Ze0pZo/s1600/RR5009-0011R_BU_160-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%90.%D0%9F.%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0.png" width="270" /></a></div><br /><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 15.47px; text-align: left;">Tomb of Borodin in </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikhvin_Cemetery" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.47px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: left; text-decoration-line: none;" title="Tikhvin Cemetery">Tikhvin Cemetery</a><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 15.47px; text-align: left;">.</span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxLMgJgitbmvNogzXbUxir6Pkpu6rkMaDTc3BlfFjqy3Y-d7iNcvx-L_UHSfz2UUFTQwlynnKXiO7kFYf8N31eEsMo_EpVXHAYihcR7O_vrnl2zTCwF0UUENYC_CIHG_lV9g9-7khqyLeAlptKm16Mo6F75uNDyv0G92ab5ZJJMOUxNkEUWE1FcSPN7Bs/s440/Alexander_Borodin_tomb_full_view,_Tikhvin_Cemetery_St._Petersburg.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="440" data-original-width="330" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxLMgJgitbmvNogzXbUxir6Pkpu6rkMaDTc3BlfFjqy3Y-d7iNcvx-L_UHSfz2UUFTQwlynnKXiO7kFYf8N31eEsMo_EpVXHAYihcR7O_vrnl2zTCwF0UUENYC_CIHG_lV9g9-7khqyLeAlptKm16Mo6F75uNDyv0G92ab5ZJJMOUxNkEUWE1FcSPN7Bs/s320/Alexander_Borodin_tomb_full_view,_Tikhvin_Cemetery_St._Petersburg.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><span face="sans-serif" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 15.47px; text-align: left;"><br /></span><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With
affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ruben <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-34168397522591211462023-12-15T22:46:00.000-08:002023-12-15T22:49:36.129-08:00History of the Museum of Fine Arts of Lima<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">History
of the Museum of Fine Arts of Lima<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcoTpLLf8hHf11uEO9fggL1aDEEpzaZYK_jZQT8OY5IPRlpoLGmVh5SaZ8tVSeV54D3pJjkR8akd6R3lnv7ch1rFYElVA22V9tUKzTvDy0DsmzmYxHZ7pNK05BofDwoKgRq2NHXmQQEsBu_dVCWYn1YXlKO1c8Qn1WBL-6BmkFX1oJr7jApvWLazZX-Os/s702/Museo-de-Bellas-Artes-Foto-Consejo-Monumentos-Nacionales-Chile.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="460" data-original-width="702" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcoTpLLf8hHf11uEO9fggL1aDEEpzaZYK_jZQT8OY5IPRlpoLGmVh5SaZ8tVSeV54D3pJjkR8akd6R3lnv7ch1rFYElVA22V9tUKzTvDy0DsmzmYxHZ7pNK05BofDwoKgRq2NHXmQQEsBu_dVCWYn1YXlKO1c8Qn1WBL-6BmkFX1oJr7jApvWLazZX-Os/s320/Museo-de-Bellas-Artes-Foto-Consejo-Monumentos-Nacionales-Chile.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlzfYe7xFd5fFAxBn02VA1ceb0lL1PE5bGBSgyeaIXzp-1lSwD0mUoRfxHFTqPF8G4qkI6fcnIZZtLSlCb_YsWSyeSuy87ok1qi51B96Zg1djSy71LlRUJfaoeAYksIIOofPCe83pGOIeoIgceO-x_4p98RJ0sv4832wYhTrP40eJP7JTy9l6DnL5hm7g/s1005/Museo-de-Bellas-Artes-Chile.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="557" data-original-width="1005" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlzfYe7xFd5fFAxBn02VA1ceb0lL1PE5bGBSgyeaIXzp-1lSwD0mUoRfxHFTqPF8G4qkI6fcnIZZtLSlCb_YsWSyeSuy87ok1qi51B96Zg1djSy71LlRUJfaoeAYksIIOofPCe83pGOIeoIgceO-x_4p98RJ0sv4832wYhTrP40eJP7JTy9l6DnL5hm7g/s320/Museo-de-Bellas-Artes-Chile.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSs1srpQukkJmdS0tz7W4sjoo1zGHyMRSoYik1uKglBbe6mbIRqjYqJsPCG0d-G7G6qhMt_kSewgJ4o8u9wuw03VYKYaBBma1DG9iJSuJTZF4Jx_hvUnOGUq58OoU-YOhiLasL71_B0NzI_EoLqdZP5w5KBwzlwicZJN4E359sI4fjhKo6Qnh5GZF08jQ/s249/249px-Museo_de_Arte_de_Lima_(MALI)_01.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="187" data-original-width="249" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSs1srpQukkJmdS0tz7W4sjoo1zGHyMRSoYik1uKglBbe6mbIRqjYqJsPCG0d-G7G6qhMt_kSewgJ4o8u9wuw03VYKYaBBma1DG9iJSuJTZF4Jx_hvUnOGUq58OoU-YOhiLasL71_B0NzI_EoLqdZP5w5KBwzlwicZJN4E359sI4fjhKo6Qnh5GZF08jQ/s1600/249px-Museo_de_Arte_de_Lima_(MALI)_01.jpg" width="249" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi9AtLJIa0zaNYdro935lelWOA9s1UE0BknBSqzc34gpCd-08-jtfMKFZROr285rZeUwflBQi_-lDbIvq-O7SAUGrEduRowDDRr0CvcklyUlmOMrBhPx7JAdI_djvATJz1XZGW6tBAAxjGWsUe0sjGoo1txWUXMnwbb-w_DPBXFaAqEAEHRiK6XD75sa4/s4032/32.%20Entrada%20museo.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi9AtLJIa0zaNYdro935lelWOA9s1UE0BknBSqzc34gpCd-08-jtfMKFZROr285rZeUwflBQi_-lDbIvq-O7SAUGrEduRowDDRr0CvcklyUlmOMrBhPx7JAdI_djvATJz1XZGW6tBAAxjGWsUe0sjGoo1txWUXMnwbb-w_DPBXFaAqEAEHRiK6XD75sa4/s320/32.%20Entrada%20museo.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 21.3333px; font-weight: 700;"><br /></span></div></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">On
September 18, 1910, the current Palace of Fine Arts was inaugurated, located
inside the Forest Park. The building was declared a National Monument on
December 30, 1976.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With the
presence of the President of the Republic, Mr. Aníbal Pinto, and his Minister
of Instruction, Mr. Manuel García de la Huerta, the inauguration of the first
National Museum of Fine Arts took place on September 18, 1880.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It
functioned at the heights of Congress until 1887 and was later moved to the
Quinta Normal de Agricultura.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In May
1901, an architectural competition organized by Ramón Subercaseaux and Alberto
Mackenna was held to create a definitive building for the museum. The architect
Emilio Jecquier was the winner.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After
nine years overcoming difficulties, finally, on September 18, 1910, the current
Palace of Fine Arts was inaugurated, located inside the Forest Park. The
building was declared a National Monument on December 30, 1976.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The Museum
of Fine Arts is the main and most jealous guardian of the national artistic
heritage. The 1985 earthquake seriously affected the structure of its building.
For this reason, it was currently under repair and closed to the public for a
long time.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">This building
constitutes not only an exhibition place, but also a center of great activity
and dissemination of artistic events.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">It has
about twenty rooms where its permanent collection is exhibited and several
where temporary exhibitions are organized, others for audiovisual exhibitions
and an auditorium with capacity for 300 people, which is used as a place for
conferences and concerts.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">National
museum of fine arts. Photo: National Museum of Fine Arts<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">THE
MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS WAS INAUGURATED IN 1910. PHOTO: NATIONAL MUSEUM OF FINE
ARTS<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Museum
works<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There are
collections that range from the origins of Chilean painting to the latest
trends, represented by works of new artistic manifestations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">During
the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, few paintings were made in Chile. Chilean
society and religious orders used to provide themselves with works born in the
workshops of Quito, Lima or Cuzco.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the
Museum of Fine Arts they have preserved such relevant works as “Escape from
Egypt”; by Melchor Pérez de Olguín, “Patrocinio de San José”; by Gaspar Miguel
de Berrio; “Dolorosa” and “Fray Pedro Bardesi and the poor”, by anonymous
Chileans.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After
Independence, foreign artists were the ones who gave impetus to painting.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In the
middle of the century, a first generation of national artists emerged, at first
highly influenced by European precursors, such as Carlos Wood, an English
sailor born in Liverpool, England, and arrived in Chile in 1819; Juan Mauricio
Rugendas, Bavarian draftsman, painter and engraver, who set foot on Chilean
soil in 1834; Raimundo Monvoisin, born in France, who arrived in the country in
1842; Ernesto Charton, arrived in 1844 and Giovatto Molinelli, who visited our
homeland between the years 1859-1861. There are works of the vast majority of
them in the museum.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Among the
great masters of Chilean painting are, among others, "The Letter" by
Pedro Lira; "The Merchant's Pearl" by Alfredo Valenzuela Puelma;
“Riberas del Mapocho”, by Alberto Valenzuela Llanos; “Calle de Limache”, by
Juan Francisco González.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
Generation of 13 is represented by artists such as Agustín Abarca, with “El
Solita-rio”; Exequiel Plaza and “La Fuente”; Arturo Gordon, with “Novena del
Niño Dios”; Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor and “Galician Scene”; Abelardo
Bustamante with “Head of Study”, among other works.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">There are
complete collections of the Generation of '40 and the latest trends, including
works by Roberto Matta, Nemesio Antúnez, Pedro Lobos, Henriette Pettit, Ricardo
Irarrázaval.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In
addition to the valuable collection of Chilean paintings, important collections
of renowned foreign artists have also been exhibited, such as: Corot, Dupré,
Boudin, Murillo, Teniers, Rembrandt; Rubens, Wittgenstein, Picasso, Tanguy,
Brauner, Lam and others.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">And just
as painting forms an important part of the museum's collections, samples of
Chilean sculpture, valuable furniture, tapestries and art objects also occupy a
prominent place.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Painting
Gallery and others</b><o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis5jgDxF0rCbmICWAQ4J4Aghjp48aX05P5Z0y7PZ4hJjuprfuM_12R5KuZlNhQ6DHuqvttSML-BL7bb8b__h4uMmPJBAe-AUUfxrPLf1YFe8v7RJidxppY3bfVhSCiyyQGD0RlZGNROu9CdxLFhJzdSRK1Afsk82PeH7d0vyV87iyYIbQ3kQtQnAIZ7Yk/s4032/1.%20Pintura%201.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis5jgDxF0rCbmICWAQ4J4Aghjp48aX05P5Z0y7PZ4hJjuprfuM_12R5KuZlNhQ6DHuqvttSML-BL7bb8b__h4uMmPJBAe-AUUfxrPLf1YFe8v7RJidxppY3bfVhSCiyyQGD0RlZGNROu9CdxLFhJzdSRK1Afsk82PeH7d0vyV87iyYIbQ3kQtQnAIZ7Yk/s320/1.%20Pintura%201.JPG" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Note:
Photos are from personal archive</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">With affection'</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-AU; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ruben</span></p>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2032421308199627564.post-26223643193401330582023-12-03T02:45:00.000-08:002023-12-05T02:10:11.357-08:00Santiago Ramón y Cajal<p style="text-align: center;"> </p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">Santiago
Ramón y Cajal<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0HvixqS3bvcPEh3eB3K9pX56cLIfLrtR-sLzES7_uRwmIE_h70JI3706UfWgdkoeEzBOyDCNErT6t7daWVPfr-a9ivi5XYMLymzE712o6wNuB5FXKs-cTHuaY8ssKw3gEjxir1Zzaf8G3oJQPnXXcbCUbZGbyxmHybmUKze9akRM7Yk8gXthWqBPSbOY/s858/ramon-y-cajal-07.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="858" data-original-width="540" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0HvixqS3bvcPEh3eB3K9pX56cLIfLrtR-sLzES7_uRwmIE_h70JI3706UfWgdkoeEzBOyDCNErT6t7daWVPfr-a9ivi5XYMLymzE712o6wNuB5FXKs-cTHuaY8ssKw3gEjxir1Zzaf8G3oJQPnXXcbCUbZGbyxmHybmUKze9akRM7Yk8gXthWqBPSbOY/s320/ramon-y-cajal-07.jpg" width="201" /></a></b></div><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHicmHUUkEsdseSJm6hL5UezxuimRUyE2sWGhSqqWVtUV6evWgkZXEdkUN-5UwqU9ly4gi_mEDdLkv0dkM8BJLrfkl6Cj8-ttuQz0C17tGTnv0FmiEbuUb7nzCGsFaqS4UDdnbTJWCQpZ25InYJTZfnR2s5HmNBzoKAPZ2gIb30PCQYrmt6pfSGa2f0e8/s263/download%20(3).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="263" data-original-width="191" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHicmHUUkEsdseSJm6hL5UezxuimRUyE2sWGhSqqWVtUV6evWgkZXEdkUN-5UwqU9ly4gi_mEDdLkv0dkM8BJLrfkl6Cj8-ttuQz0C17tGTnv0FmiEbuUb7nzCGsFaqS4UDdnbTJWCQpZ25InYJTZfnR2s5HmNBzoKAPZ2gIb30PCQYrmt6pfSGa2f0e8/s1600/download%20(3).jpg" width="191" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 21.3333px; font-weight: 700;"><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="background-color: #f8f9fa; border-spacing: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); clear: right; color: black; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; padding: 0.2em; width: 22em;"><tbody><tr><th class="infobox-header" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;">Signature</th></tr><tr><td class="infobox-full-data" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a class="mw-file-description" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Firma_de_Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal.svg" style="background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;"><img class="mw-file-element" data-file-height="319" data-file-width="978" decoding="async" height="49" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Firma_de_Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal.svg/150px-Firma_de_Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal.svg.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Firma_de_Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal.svg/225px-Firma_de_Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Firma_de_Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal.svg/300px-Firma_de_Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal.svg.png 2x" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="150" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></span></div></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Santiago
Ramón y Cajal (Spanish: [san</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ˈ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">tja</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ɣ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">o ra</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ˈ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">mon i ka</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">ˈ</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">xal]; 1
May 1852 </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">–</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> 17 October 1934)[1][2]
was a Spanish neuroscientist, pathologist, and histologist specializing in
neuroanatomy and the central nervous system. He and Camillo Golgi received the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906.[3] Ramón y Cajal was the first
person of Spanish origin to win a scientific Nobel Prize. His original
investigations of the microscopic structure of the brain made him a pioneer of
modern neuroscience.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Hundreds
of his drawings illustrating the arborizations ("tree growing") of
brain cells are still in use, since the mid-20th century, for educational and
training purposes.[4]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Biography</b><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Santiago
Ramón y Cajal was born on the 1st of May 1852 in the town of Petilla de Aragón,
Navarre, Spain.[1] As a child he was transferred many times from one school to
another because of behavior that was declared poor, rebellious, and showing an
anti-authoritarian attitude. An extreme example of his precociousness and
rebelliousness at the age of eleven is his 1863 imprisonment for destroying his
neighbor's yard gate with a homemade cannon.[5] He was a keen painter, artist,
and gymnast, but his father neither appreciated nor encouraged these abilities,
even though these artistic talents would contribute to his success later in
life.[2] His father apprenticed him to a shoemaker and barber, to "try and
give his son much-needed discipline and stability."[2]<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA5ILJKhscX4flL6KXkTE9WvHOBeLHAjZNlryfgCBGE_vYxy1ttrmoT7iIWd0RUC6UAJbuf7lmICHs6gYLMfK2hrgGG8YMrh8t1seNGnVyJLR_L2SwHlWj-_YAY7sEUnWVmudopiOnP3Tx9TQIUC65E2z7f7aToybzajm4eBl-mJeyfmtxNaBkGJ_eD78/s352/galeriaa3n4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="288" data-original-width="352" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA5ILJKhscX4flL6KXkTE9WvHOBeLHAjZNlryfgCBGE_vYxy1ttrmoT7iIWd0RUC6UAJbuf7lmICHs6gYLMfK2hrgGG8YMrh8t1seNGnVyJLR_L2SwHlWj-_YAY7sEUnWVmudopiOnP3Tx9TQIUC65E2z7f7aToybzajm4eBl-mJeyfmtxNaBkGJ_eD78/s320/galeriaa3n4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p>Young men </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ramón y
Cajal, captain in Ten Years' War, Cuba, 1874<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBG5OqSmmbu3-DbC976Ip6982YT7gFUR7GY2j_Ae9fbZbe2Hmi0xODaFNMFdK8KMUyJ8cVCkaBKD2uxGcR5dVliE1HkkLk-17S6BGI5jSevA-uLCgnSn2p3_78HPXgXh1iHMCfqnVm9aBBwof8ZHiRcfMA6V-7-pIOZ-yMRoc17OzEXjJWXo6iFVzG8sM/s258/Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal_por_Izquierdo_Vives_1874_Museo_del_ejercito_Toledo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="258" data-original-width="220" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBG5OqSmmbu3-DbC976Ip6982YT7gFUR7GY2j_Ae9fbZbe2Hmi0xODaFNMFdK8KMUyJ8cVCkaBKD2uxGcR5dVliE1HkkLk-17S6BGI5jSevA-uLCgnSn2p3_78HPXgXh1iHMCfqnVm9aBBwof8ZHiRcfMA6V-7-pIOZ-yMRoc17OzEXjJWXo6iFVzG8sM/s1600/Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal_por_Izquierdo_Vives_1874_Museo_del_ejercito_Toledo.jpg" width="220" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Over the
summer of 1868, his father took him to graveyards to find human remains for
anatomical study. Early sketches of bones moved him to pursue medical
studies.[6]:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">207</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> Ram</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">ó</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">n y Cajal attended the medical school of the
University of Zaragoza, where his father worked as an anatomy teacher. He
graduated in 1873, aged 21, and then served as a medical officer in the Spanish
Army. He took part in an expedition to Cuba in 1874–1875, where he contracted
malaria and tuberculosis.[7] To aid his recovery, Ramón y Cajal spent time in
the spa-town Panticosa in the Pyrenees mountain range.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTCuTcjwN7GhJjIMHzrGGWnT1RekZb5EhoNSe98diRL3wUhbpgJ6Zidwmhvln7FYEpCQn1wQEp-DcjoZx9mud99GwtN2IABbQPvFaaHkY8o4EMeRigIENGpnvm60k5JFiQg8U0XKKqnn0A4_MCRmwDiMjUuqbXC6HnoEjovRnAmzz10DD0sAHdsG-CnTk/s479/Edificio_de_las_Antiguas_Facultades_de_Medicina_y_Ciencias_de_la_Universidad_de_Zaragoza_-_PC251497.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="359" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTCuTcjwN7GhJjIMHzrGGWnT1RekZb5EhoNSe98diRL3wUhbpgJ6Zidwmhvln7FYEpCQn1wQEp-DcjoZx9mud99GwtN2IABbQPvFaaHkY8o4EMeRigIENGpnvm60k5JFiQg8U0XKKqnn0A4_MCRmwDiMjUuqbXC6HnoEjovRnAmzz10DD0sAHdsG-CnTk/s320/Edificio_de_las_Antiguas_Facultades_de_Medicina_y_Ciencias_de_la_Universidad_de_Zaragoza_-_PC251497.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Zaragoza Medicine University</span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">After
returning to Spain, he received his doctorate in medicine in Madrid in 1877.
Two years later, he became the director of the Zaragoza University, and he
married Silveria Fañanás García, with whom he had seven daughters and five
sons. Ramón y Cajal worked at the University of Zaragoza until 1883, when he
was awarded the position of anatomy professor of the University of
Valencia.[7][8] His early work at these two universities focused on the
pathology of inflammation, the microbiology of cholera, and the structure of
epithelial cells and tissues.[citation needed]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Self-portrait
as a student, 1870s<o:p></o:p></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpMdLsctHGujpWcqiWbHi6-VG8DftGDdiCv5kxSgJjGKZzJEv_gNdYxsswl950Y0Opgl2naVmZEWV2_F05tR8gVOSWFDbuZP9ZQeZtpPCUPFWzzu5f7TbSpvoc9B5ibDjVICF65G9HVdXAroPqXlLIZ4y85EZh8fwqfT8QGdyGSt2pGjSFen79QU4Ya8o/s700/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal,_estudiante_de_medicina_en_Zaragoza_1876.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="700" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpMdLsctHGujpWcqiWbHi6-VG8DftGDdiCv5kxSgJjGKZzJEv_gNdYxsswl950Y0Opgl2naVmZEWV2_F05tR8gVOSWFDbuZP9ZQeZtpPCUPFWzzu5f7TbSpvoc9B5ibDjVICF65G9HVdXAroPqXlLIZ4y85EZh8fwqfT8QGdyGSt2pGjSFen79QU4Ya8o/s320/Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal,_estudiante_de_medicina_en_Zaragoza_1876.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1887
Ramón y Cajal moved to Barcelona for a professorship.[7] There he first learned
about Golgi's method, a cell staining method which uses potassium dichromate
and silver nitrate to (randomly) stain a few neurons a dark black color, while
leaving the surrounding cells transparent. This method, which he improved, was
central to his work, allowing him to turn his attention to the central nervous
system (brain and spinal cord), in which neurons are so densely intertwined
that standard microscopic inspection would be nearly impossible. During this
period he made extensive detailed drawings of neural material, covering many
species and most major regions of the brain.[9]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1892,
he became professor at Madrid.[7] In 1899 he became director of the Instituto
Nacional de Higiene – translated as National</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 107%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Institute
of Hygiene , and in 1922 founder of the Laboratorio de Investigaciones
Biológicas – translated as the Laboratory of Biological Investigations, later
renamed to the Instituto Cajal, or Cajal Institute.[7]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He died
in Madrid on October 17, 1934, at the age of 82,[10] continuing to work even on
his deathbed.[7][11]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Political
and religious views<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguO7wCkVJOSiLLz3zcGed8gClyGfWa-wjnaEUTWdJyRd7SCd04752IcMUOMQRe41aHDDlkOHQ1UPn0IZWssFCgqN-JlM-1UzvZXnckz0hCw8tJWtncU3_RPmZXIzWeK5ThkEpvV7H8MNvQIqF-bBr7ee5GEvrABIgi0jhbC1KP9XqhzZglomoB3FtEgMc/s400/Santiago-Ramo%CC%81n-y-Cajal-1843-1926-self-portrait.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguO7wCkVJOSiLLz3zcGed8gClyGfWa-wjnaEUTWdJyRd7SCd04752IcMUOMQRe41aHDDlkOHQ1UPn0IZWssFCgqN-JlM-1UzvZXnckz0hCw8tJWtncU3_RPmZXIzWeK5ThkEpvV7H8MNvQIqF-bBr7ee5GEvrABIgi0jhbC1KP9XqhzZglomoB3FtEgMc/s320/Santiago-Ramo%CC%81n-y-Cajal-1843-1926-self-portrait.jpeg" width="240" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1877,
the 25-year-old Ramón y Cajal joined a Masonic lodge.[12]:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">156</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> John
Brande Trend wrote in 1965 that Ram</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Georgia;">ó</span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">n y Cajal
"was a liberal in politics, an evolutionist in philosophy, an agnostic in
religion".[13]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Nonetheless,
Ramón y Cajal used the term soul "without any shame".[14] He was said
to later have regretted having left organized religion.[12]:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">343</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">
Ultimately, he became convinced of a belief in God as a creator, as stated
during his first lecture before the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences.[15][16]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Discoveries
and theories<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLb5QQae4dPbIs1s8AsWv46a08objFDMfH0NRRg0MzLNSoiRDT3tdLbFRVLX-Jx4ndbCaFN381ph8aFbpn8BfilITxRiO12Y0U3H6RQDH-U6JOc631SYjDlMs9nfDQigHuX7pA1Wc1OLkUnALTtBLKtbJ74CtHLTnJAaXab9YKrtuZIX4Y4wQhLWYp2Ow/s330/Cajal-mi.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="330" data-original-width="234" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLb5QQae4dPbIs1s8AsWv46a08objFDMfH0NRRg0MzLNSoiRDT3tdLbFRVLX-Jx4ndbCaFN381ph8aFbpn8BfilITxRiO12Y0U3H6RQDH-U6JOc631SYjDlMs9nfDQigHuX7pA1Wc1OLkUnALTtBLKtbJ74CtHLTnJAaXab9YKrtuZIX4Y4wQhLWYp2Ow/s320/Cajal-mi.jpg" width="227" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ramón
y </span></b><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cajal
made several major contributions to neuroanatomy.[6] He discovered the axonal
growth cone, and demonstrated experimentally that the relationship between
nerve cells was not continuous, or a single system as per then extant reticular
theory, but rather contiguous;[6] there were gaps between neurons. This
provided definitive evidence for what Heinrich Waldeyer would name "neuron
theory", now widely considered the foundation of modern neuroscience.[6]
He is also considered by some to be the first "neuroscientist" since
in 1894 he stated to the Royal Society of London: "The ability of neurons
to grow in an adult and their power to create new connections can explain
learning." This statement is considered to be the origin of the synaptic
theory of memory.[17]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He was an
advocate of the existence of dendritic spines, although he did not recognize
them as the site of contact from presynaptic cells. He was a proponent of
polarization of nerve cell function and his student, Rafael Lorente de Nó,
would continue this study of input-output systems into cable theory and some of
the earliest circuit analysis of neural structures.[18]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">By
producing depictions of neural structures and their connectivity and providing
detailed descriptions of cell types he discovered a new type of cell, which was
subsequently named after him, the interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC).[19] This
cell is found interleaved among neurons embedded within the smooth muscles
lining the gut, serving as the generator and pacemaker of the slow waves of
contraction which move material along the gastrointestinal tract, mediating
neurotransmission from motor neurons to smooth muscle cells.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In his
1894 Croonian Lecture, Ramón y Cajal suggested (in an extended metaphor) that
cortical pyramidal cells may become more elaborate with time, as a tree grows
and extends its branches.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He
devoted a considerable amount of time studying French which he used to help his
wife during labor and parapsychological phenomena.[citation needed] A book he
had written on these topics was lost during the Spanish Civil War<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Distinctions<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe1b-wj2IiDZQSXp8KZetimtZ6XShAN2lmtp0ScO1V7ZoJdelndx6quK1uPH6fkR4nc139UDiFAJdF9TD7KWp6Y6jF_GW7mWPz-6j9IUVCNEh_-rUXZNtrv0GLZIbo7_PZUwYIb1ShQaU8IFfX7SNtyVFJ90VnyLW8RUH_lpEm-RKHYUzzDshfXoAYRTg/s1024/Diploma_al_Premio_Nobel_Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="829" data-original-width="1024" height="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe1b-wj2IiDZQSXp8KZetimtZ6XShAN2lmtp0ScO1V7ZoJdelndx6quK1uPH6fkR4nc139UDiFAJdF9TD7KWp6Y6jF_GW7mWPz-6j9IUVCNEh_-rUXZNtrv0GLZIbo7_PZUwYIb1ShQaU8IFfX7SNtyVFJ90VnyLW8RUH_lpEm-RKHYUzzDshfXoAYRTg/s320/Diploma_al_Premio_Nobel_Santiago_Ram%C3%B3n_y_Cajal.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Certificate Nobel Price 1906</span><div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_UnKOiaG8ixlJigLNsD7bA4UAJe5JyQ78fy0HVu67Yy5zbhLsHcWo-ntUyhyphenhyphenJAiJmQSCIoTqjKJQd3rVjDhNQx-v0X3PF9vmGAdcblvMG0AfVKH4dizJEyjeihJ6i8TBlWJgoJf9dCR7C-10dBkZAYQdSbN-7PxCT9XBogXF-XUEPfAT0PoSkAIx-8Zc/s130/images%20(1).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="130" data-original-width="130" height="130" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_UnKOiaG8ixlJigLNsD7bA4UAJe5JyQ78fy0HVu67Yy5zbhLsHcWo-ntUyhyphenhyphenJAiJmQSCIoTqjKJQd3rVjDhNQx-v0X3PF9vmGAdcblvMG0AfVKH4dizJEyjeihJ6i8TBlWJgoJf9dCR7C-10dBkZAYQdSbN-7PxCT9XBogXF-XUEPfAT0PoSkAIx-8Zc/s1600/images%20(1).jpg" width="130" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div><p></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ramón y
Cajal received many prizes, distinctions, and societal memberships during his
scientific career, including honorary doctorates in medicine from Cambridge
University and Würzburg University and an honorary doctorate in philosophy from
Clark University.[7] The most famous distinction he was awarded was the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906, toRgether with the Italian scientist
Camillo Golgi "in recognition of their work on the structure of the
nervous system".[7] This caused some controversy because Golgi, a staunch supporter
of reticular theory, disagreed with Ramón y Cajal in his view of the neuron
doctrine.[20] Even before Ramón y Cajal's work, Norwegian scientist Fridtjof
Nansen established the contiguous nature of nerve cells in his study of certain
marine life, which Ramón y Cajal failed to cite.[21] Ramón y Cajal was an
International Member of both the United States National Academy of Sciences and
the American Philosophical Society.[22][23]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In
society and culture<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpUxVOpIkTmf1kZCB8Wb1Y5uje8MDpmp-vI5L_KHpaJ1uM1KZGuyLbRku3lFlE3ecbzY0wYQO45-tndhgpVzPvgjn-1pxxdXZT2gTgEyO7G85O5gIkwIa9WOb6KxS4IH3Pa-QTWr-M6-2sNFfRzrHlFWXX3Y0fz4KsqNZFZLcBCWDlq_EssM3T_I8VXDw/s555/ramon_y_cajal.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="405" data-original-width="555" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpUxVOpIkTmf1kZCB8Wb1Y5uje8MDpmp-vI5L_KHpaJ1uM1KZGuyLbRku3lFlE3ecbzY0wYQO45-tndhgpVzPvgjn-1pxxdXZT2gTgEyO7G85O5gIkwIa9WOb6KxS4IH3Pa-QTWr-M6-2sNFfRzrHlFWXX3Y0fz4KsqNZFZLcBCWDlq_EssM3T_I8VXDw/s320/ramon_y_cajal.webp" width="320" /></a></b></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In
1906 Joaquin Sorolla y Bastida painted Cajal's official portrait celebrating
his Nobel Prize win.[24]<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cajal
posed for a statue that was created by the sculptor Mariano Benlliure and was
installed in 1924 in the Paraninfo building at the School of Medicine of the
University of Zaragoza.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1931 a
monument was unveiled in Madrid, Spain. This full-body statue stands 3 meters
(around 10 ft) high on a narrow pedestal and was created by Lorenzo
Domínguez,[25] a Chilean medical student.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1982 a TV
mini series was created in Spain titled Ramón y Cajal: Historia de una
voluntad.[26]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 2003,
the first major exhibition of Cajal's scientific drawings opened in Madrid,
Spain. The exhibition featured hundreds of restored original drawings,
micrographic slides, and personal photographs created by Cajal. The accompanying
catalog titled Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852–2003) Ciencia y Arte[27] features
numerous high quality reproductions of Cajal's drawings and photo essays on the
restoration process. Exhibition curators and contributing authors to the
catalog include:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Santiago Ramón y Cajal Junquera, Miguel Ángel Freire
Mallo, Paloma Esteban Leal, Pablo García, Virginia G. Marin, Ma Cruz Osuna,
Isabel Argerich Fernández, Paloma Calle, Marta C. Lopera, Ricardo Martínez,
Pilar Sedano Espín, Eugenia Gimeno Pascual, Sonia Tortajada, and Juan Antonio
Sáez Dégano.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 2005
the asteroid 117413 Ramonycajal was named after him by Juan Lacruz.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 2007,
sculptures of Severo Ochoa y Santiago Ramón y Cajal created Víctor Ochoa were
unveiled at the Spain's CESIC (university research centre), Madrid, Spain.[28]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Santiago
Ramón y Cajal Museum, Ayerbe, Huesca, Spain opened in 2013 and is located in
Cajal's childhood home, where he lived with his family for ten years.[29]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 2014,
the National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, US, initiated an ongoing
exhibition of original Ramón y Cajal drawings in its John Porter Neuroscience
Research Center. The exhibition concept was spearheaded by NINDS Senior
Researcher Jeffery Diamond and NINDS science writer<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Christopher
Thomas and was made possible through close collaboration with the Instituto
Cajal, Madrid, Spain.[30] The exhibition also includes contemporary artwork
curated by Jeff Diamond, which was created by artists Rebecca Kamen and Dawn
Hunter.[31] Inspired by Cajal's original drawings, Kamen's and Hunter's
artworks are thematically representative of Cajal's aesthetic and are on
permanent display for the public at the John Porter Neuroscience Research
Center. Through the award of a 2017–2018 Fulbright España Senior Research
Fellowship[32][33] to the Instituto Cajal, Madrid, Spain, Hunter continued to
develop her creative project about Cajal by referencing original source
material.[34][35]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A
selection of Cajal's scientific drawings, personal photos, oil paintings, and
pastel drawings were curated into the 14th Istanbul Biennial, Saltwater, that
was held in Istanbul, Turkey from September 5 – November 1, 2015.[36]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">The exhibition Fisiología de los Sueños. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Cajal,
Tanguy, Lorca, Dalí... opened on October 5, 2015, and ended on January 16,
2016, at the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain. Cajal's work was the centerpiece
topic of the exhibition and the show explored the influence of histological
drawings on Surrealism.[37]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">From January
31 – May 29, 2016, Cajal's work was featured in the inaugural exhibition for
the re-opening of University of California's Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific
Film Archive (BAMPFA) Architecture of Life. The catalog for the exhibition
featured Cajal's drawing of the Purkinje Cell on the front cover.[38]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">The
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA and the Instituto Cajal,
Madrid, Spain held collaborative symposiums honoring Cajal. The collaborative
institutional symposiums were held on October 28, 2015, and May 24, 2017.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first symposium held at the NIH in 2015
was titled Bridging the Legacy of Santiago Ramón y Cajal, a symposium honoring
the father of modern neuroscience.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">llaboration,
was held at the Instituto Cajal in 2017.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Dawn Hunter's Cajal Inventory art project was exhibited at the symposium
for the general public in the institute's library.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Cajal Inventory consists of forty-five
11” x 14” drawings in which Hunter recreated in fine detail Cajal's scientific
drawings from primary source, and surreal portrait drawings of Cajal inspired
by his photography.[39]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Every
year more than two hundred four-year postdoctoral fellowships by the Ministry
of Science of Spain are awarded to middle career scholars from different fields
of knowledge are called "Ayudas a contratos Ramon y Cajal" to honor
his memory.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">An
exhibition called The Beautiful Brain: The Drawings of Santiago Ramón y Cajal
travelled through North America, beginning 2017 in the US at the Weisman Art
Museum in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The exhibition traveled to the Morris and
Helen Belkin Art Gallery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada,[40] Grey Art Gallery, New York University, New York City, New
York, USA,[41][42][43] MIT Museum, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,[44] and ended in April 2019 at the Ackland Art
Museum in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.[45] The Beautiful Brain book,
published by<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Abrams,[46] New York,
accompanied the exhibition.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">During 2019, the University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
opened an exhibition about Cajal titled Santiago Ramón y Cajal. 150 years at
the University of Zaragoza. The exhibition had an accompanying catalog that
featured the same title.[47] The exhibition opened October 2019 and closed at
the end of December 2019.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A short documentary by REDES is available on YouTube.[48]
Spanish public television channel RTVE screened a biopic series to commemorate
his life in 2019.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">From the 19th of November, 2020 through the 5th of December
2021, the National Museum of Natural Sciences, Madrid, Spain[50] hosted an
exhibition featuring Cajal's scientific drawings, photographs, scientific
equipment and personal objects from the Legado Cajal, Instituto Cajal Madrid,
Spain.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 2020, over 75 volunteers collaborated as part of The Cajal
Embroidery Project across 6 countries to create 81 intricate, exquisite
hand-stitched panels of Ramón y Cajal's images, which were then curated and
displayed by Edinburgh Neuroscience at the virtual FENS 2020 Forum, and
showcased by The Lancet Neurology in their front covers in 2021.[51]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 2017, UNESCO (the United Nations Educational, Scientific
and Cultural Organization) recognised Cajal's Legacy (which had been kept in a
museum from 1945 to 1989) as a World Heritage treasure. Recognising that this
cultural treasure deserves a dedicated museum, showcasing not only Cajal's but
also his disciples’ legacies, there has been a call for a dedicated museum to
commemorate and celebrate Ramón y Cajal's discoveries and impact on
neuroscience.[52]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Project Encephalon organised Cajal Week to celebrate his 169th
birth anniversary from 1 May to 7 May 2021.[53]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Publications<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">He published more than 100 scientific works and articles in
Spanish, French and German. Among his works were:[7]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Rules and advice on scientific investigation<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Histology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Degeneration and regeneration of the nervous system<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Manual of normal histology and micrographic technique<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Elements of histology<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">A list of his books includes:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago
(1905) [1890]. Manual de Anatomia Patológica General (Handbook of amón y Cajal,
Santiago (1905) [1890]. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Manual de Anatomia Patológica General (Handbook of
general Anatomical Pathology) (in Spanish) (fourth ed.).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago; Richard Greeff (1894). Die Retina der
Wirbelthiere: Untersuchungen mit der Golgi-cajal'schen Chromsilbermethode und
der ehrlich'schen Methylenblaufärbung (Retina of vertebrates) (in German).
Bergmann.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago;
L. Azoulay (1894). </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Les nouvelles idées sur la structure du système
nerveux chez l'homme et chez les vertébrés' ('New ideas on the fine anatomy of
the nerve centres) (in French). C. Reinwald.</span> <span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago;
Johannes Bresler; E. Mendel (1896). Beitrag zum Studium der Medulla Oblongata:
Des Kleinhirns und des Ursprungs der Gehirnnerven (in German). Verlag von
Johann Ambrosius Barth.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago
(1898). "Estructura del quiasma óptico y teoría general de
entrecruzamientos de las vías nerviosas. </span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">(Structure of the Chiasma opticum
and general theory of the crossing of nerve tracks)" [Die Structur des
Chiasma opticum nebst einer allgemeine Theorie der Kreuzung der Nervenbahnen
(German, 1899, </span><span style="background: white; color: #202122; font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">entrecruzamientos de las vías nerviosas. (Structure of the
Chiasma opticum and general theory of the crossing of nerve tracks)" [Die
Structur des Chiasma opticum nebst einer allgemeine Theorie der Kreuzung der
Nervenbahnen (German, 1899, Verlag Joh. A. Barth)]. <i>Rev. Trim.
Micrográfica</i></span><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Verlag Joh. A. Barth)]. <i>Rev. Trim. <o:p></o:p></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Micrográfica<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">in Spanish). 3: 15–65.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago (1899). Comparative study of the
sensory areas of the human cortex. </span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Clark
University. p. 85.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago
(1899–1904). Textura del sistema nervioso del hombre y los vertebrados (in
Spanish). Madrid. ISBN 978-84-340-1723-8.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">—— (1909). Histologie du
système nerveux de l'homme & des vertébrés (in French) – via Internet
Archive.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago (1906). Studien über die Hirnrinde des
Menschen v.5 (Studies about the meninges of man) (in German). </span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Johann Ambrosius Barth.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago (1999) [1897]. Advice for a Young
Investigator. Translated by Neely Swanson and Larry W. Swanson. Cambridge: MIT
Press. </span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">ISBN 0-262-68150-1.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago;
Domingo Sánchez y Sánchez (1915). Contribución al conocimiento de los centros
nerviosos de los insectos (in Spanish). Madrid: Imprenta de Hijos de Nicolas
Moya.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Ramón y Cajal, Santiago
(1937). Recuerdos de mi Vida (in Spanish). Cambridge: MIT Press. ISBN
84-206-2290-7.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">In 1905, he published five science-fiction stories called
"Vacation Stories" under the pen name "Dr.
Bacteria".[55][citation needed]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Gallery of drawings<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;"><br /></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">1. First illustration by Cajal (1888) of the nervous system. (A)
First page of the article. (B) Vertical section of a cerebellar convolution of
a hen. (C) Cerebellum of an adult bird. (D) Higher magnification of (C) showing
Purkinje cell. (E) Dendrite of the Purkinje cell.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghYErpWzBOdLslY6bz7PC2H3hOOB7UHXrAXMcsbzXDNNZBZXnarqvCNBXSmeWzbAS5gippgcWWA4VIOmCVmHpH2lX-36kk78scjVN-K2Nx0gOvx4sDrfORPJC9eEjZd3Jp49UbybPYiPuvFRwhYZxR-t8t__CXGceE4YC_v60xkkLOTveDYIvLiRpT-mE/s150/Cajal_(1888)_firt_drawing_of_nervous_system.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="92" data-original-width="150" height="92" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghYErpWzBOdLslY6bz7PC2H3hOOB7UHXrAXMcsbzXDNNZBZXnarqvCNBXSmeWzbAS5gippgcWWA4VIOmCVmHpH2lX-36kk78scjVN-K2Nx0gOvx4sDrfORPJC9eEjZd3Jp49UbybPYiPuvFRwhYZxR-t8t__CXGceE4YC_v60xkkLOTveDYIvLiRpT-mE/s1600/Cajal_(1888)_firt_drawing_of_nervous_system.gif" width="150" /></a></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">2.Drawing of the neural circuitry of the rodent hippocampus. </span><span lang="ES-PE" style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES-PE;">Histologie du Système Nerveux de l'Homme et des Vertébrés,
Vols. 1 and 2. A. Maloine. Paris. 1911<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Drawing of the neural circuitry of the rodent hippocampus.
Histologie du Système Nerveux de l'Homme et des Vertébrés, Vols. 1 and 2. A.
Maloine. Paris. 1911<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiw8SSmkJQzCFUmcF4Z8vQVirZ7a2VUwkh_oZEbgLmYXM-PPHcaNl26yJeClqUO8C7cNq8EmpdMbF9jmLccmanBdHhYUeLuPkrwaM11wve0HzbBChKClypUNPN9T0hhffzaCkPfbvMQzV5GLIUetgBiNPzso1UQ-aamOGRnbyb9Gi0NU-qSdwI9PjvA1Q/s1280/CajalHippocampus.jpeg" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; font-size: 16px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="687" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiw8SSmkJQzCFUmcF4Z8vQVirZ7a2VUwkh_oZEbgLmYXM-PPHcaNl26yJeClqUO8C7cNq8EmpdMbF9jmLccmanBdHhYUeLuPkrwaM11wve0HzbBChKClypUNPN9T0hhffzaCkPfbvMQzV5GLIUetgBiNPzso1UQ-aamOGRnbyb9Gi0NU-qSdwI9PjvA1Q/s320/CajalHippocampus.jpeg" width="172" /></a></p><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span><o:p></o:p></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">3.Drawing of the cells of the chick cerebellum, from
"Estructura de los centros nerviosos de las aves", Madrid, 1905<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr0VFdYEdvGntRe2CwlyBbGYcWcoxkh_B9w0mP8lE5XTe2YPXEb9H4REQiUNLE-0F-jnTUH9xcvIQaor1C_PiczJy5lHbMOOpugO6ILsjxEqbjb7GkfQxzccjTm-r7VANkfCX5tN5zlRs7LF7Bej8phFUVCItnY9fFpf86fcwEFVJqCiRlxLAIkr2HkME/s399/SparrowTectum%20(2)%20estructura%20aves.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="399" data-original-width="323" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhr0VFdYEdvGntRe2CwlyBbGYcWcoxkh_B9w0mP8lE5XTe2YPXEb9H4REQiUNLE-0F-jnTUH9xcvIQaor1C_PiczJy5lHbMOOpugO6ILsjxEqbjb7GkfQxzccjTm-r7VANkfCX5tN5zlRs7LF7Bej8phFUVCItnY9fFpf86fcwEFVJqCiRlxLAIkr2HkME/s320/SparrowTectum%20(2)%20estructura%20aves.jpg" width="259" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">4.Drawing of a section through the optic tectum of a sparrow,
from "Estructura de los centros nerviosos de las aves", Madrid, 1905<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">rom "Structure of the Mammalian Retina" Madrid, 1900<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQjv88eHeeqtGUCP4z91eamkmXsfhEEt-Vvg9rbqD5a18lBttZyEeBIsEB1QQA2y72lnlCStNSFZG_unM8hZ54rFx5_Ud1ChlZGh6FXnz2Qwa07dBsr40YKnNHKERS63k0Ns5PcjeGtJ1DLApHej9JTU1XdfCoQ6ID7LRzMmus8w8S3jQbloWDLK5MEyM/s745/Cajal_Retina.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="745" data-original-width="500" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQjv88eHeeqtGUCP4z91eamkmXsfhEEt-Vvg9rbqD5a18lBttZyEeBIsEB1QQA2y72lnlCStNSFZG_unM8hZ54rFx5_Ud1ChlZGh6FXnz2Qwa07dBsr40YKnNHKERS63k0Ns5PcjeGtJ1DLApHej9JTU1XdfCoQ6ID7LRzMmus8w8S3jQbloWDLK5MEyM/s320/Cajal_Retina.jpg" width="215" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">5.Drawing of Purkinje cells (A) and granule cells (B) from
pigeon cerebellum by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1899. Instituto Santiago Ramón y
Cajal, Madrid, Spain<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Drawing of Purkinje cells (A) and granule cells (B) from
pigeon cerebellum by Santiago Ramón y Cajal, 1899. Instituto Santiago Ramón y
Cajal, Madrid, Spain<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLx_-uXydAzauxYSmTlIiBahUhLZbloSfd_Wxcyg5puLy4xzihvxd0NgYjy7rcjbV_jgPzKtFvAu70i4kk3P_EcPJFx9L85B7k0yVjIZTEaKfS4SWa1u72AY9qrhas-C9lo96A_v3xtUrVUsaADiH7Zh6so8PbKzxRPDLaClNORLguJCOtyRwYabFWxa8/s715/PurkinjeCell.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="715" data-original-width="611" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLx_-uXydAzauxYSmTlIiBahUhLZbloSfd_Wxcyg5puLy4xzihvxd0NgYjy7rcjbV_jgPzKtFvAu70i4kk3P_EcPJFx9L85B7k0yVjIZTEaKfS4SWa1u72AY9qrhas-C9lo96A_v3xtUrVUsaADiH7Zh6so8PbKzxRPDLaClNORLguJCOtyRwYabFWxa8/s320/PurkinjeCell.jpg" width="273" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">6.Drawing of Cajal-Retzius cells, 1891<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghssJs4ItTGVRzpzFDkTUHLqIQ6kZ6DVy_ymGFrtKWWv4p7i9KAiPFv5lBoTUlvr_9fm-FagPGD4FcSgqRuaIEQ8_d_-j-1fKHvyO6NyRnlaoNbxyubp7MCwKWCWwvvV7h448CAnSklM9vH1G2vx_5UwlY2ChiZYFbrnhCmY8fu3oX6tWuix3ZPELJ5MI/s440/Cajal-Retzius_cell_drawing_by_Cajal_1891retzzis.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="93" data-original-width="440" height="68" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghssJs4ItTGVRzpzFDkTUHLqIQ6kZ6DVy_ymGFrtKWWv4p7i9KAiPFv5lBoTUlvr_9fm-FagPGD4FcSgqRuaIEQ8_d_-j-1fKHvyO6NyRnlaoNbxyubp7MCwKWCWwvvV7h448CAnSklM9vH1G2vx_5UwlY2ChiZYFbrnhCmY8fu3oX6tWuix3ZPELJ5MI/s320/Cajal-Retzius_cell_drawing_by_Cajal_1891retzzis.gif" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">7.Drawn in 1899, taken from the book "Comparative study of
the sensory areas of the human cortex"<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8prrR65a4IvOZd22tyKQw-wGB878zOzrKSIE-RDLSncVELqjqthV-4fu2mKidwz-40FHM0toeaHV7dM0GRuvp8G6rIWYKSP9ZvEo20BlirO_nqWTQEAjSCr94Sla0QaCUW7-ax5uCNiHJfhJFiwx37sOEQpPrZuk39puMdPjNoxQJRpFzvDBA1kA2npM/s777/Cajal_cortex_drawings%20(1)%20comparative%20history.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="777" data-original-width="672" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8prrR65a4IvOZd22tyKQw-wGB878zOzrKSIE-RDLSncVELqjqthV-4fu2mKidwz-40FHM0toeaHV7dM0GRuvp8G6rIWYKSP9ZvEo20BlirO_nqWTQEAjSCr94Sla0QaCUW7-ax5uCNiHJfhJFiwx37sOEQpPrZuk39puMdPjNoxQJRpFzvDBA1kA2npM/s320/Cajal_cortex_drawings%20(1)%20comparative%20history.png" width="277" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Purkinje cell of the human cerebellum. Golgi method. -a, axon;
b, recurrent collateral; c and d, spaces in the dendritic<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">arborization for stellate cells, by Santiago Ramón y
Cajal.(see Fig. 9 in<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><b>Others draws</b></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br />The mammalian Retina draw</span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlhMxxHSoN9BMwgSz0pMOkwDdFUZ1AOTJ2PiOAGIVXmJdO3MMo-9obPapy__VAhihPLB2SthaSOoghlRlVNS1FkbWrfUKgz-BOr494wzl-v8TA-g5nL14-mf0rfzOMEomXJIVI7pco5kVTAtcN5hvRQKam4kEuZkj6Eh1bjAOWtM4iXO__XnCv3mwKtjM/s800/8big.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="557" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlhMxxHSoN9BMwgSz0pMOkwDdFUZ1AOTJ2PiOAGIVXmJdO3MMo-9obPapy__VAhihPLB2SthaSOoghlRlVNS1FkbWrfUKgz-BOr494wzl-v8TA-g5nL14-mf0rfzOMEomXJIVI7pco5kVTAtcN5hvRQKam4kEuZkj6Eh1bjAOWtM4iXO__XnCv3mwKtjM/s320/8big.jpg" width="223" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-3sMXThM43MjfXGYkMeACzSGCuVbVItoLAdbibLeT11vEKaWXe5EylCp8AbiDPqIA-NK747C_TaB4Wu-JMbi3TKf5McrDs5_j-xTxNGmOx0TkB6-vxgXmf3grhKadjeVbjfIetrzo5lLNkjfrHGdfyvTV47sVxxc7ExdY2HYLX5cNTvuEVGup0N9Vffk/s1310/gr3_lrg.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1310" data-original-width="1299" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-3sMXThM43MjfXGYkMeACzSGCuVbVItoLAdbibLeT11vEKaWXe5EylCp8AbiDPqIA-NK747C_TaB4Wu-JMbi3TKf5McrDs5_j-xTxNGmOx0TkB6-vxgXmf3grhKadjeVbjfIetrzo5lLNkjfrHGdfyvTV47sVxxc7ExdY2HYLX5cNTvuEVGup0N9Vffk/s320/gr3_lrg.jpg" width="317" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyiwnstPEUlrrK7ZnONkC8G5DSSyGhDvK527lNYloGK58IvvHnD6T5b2itb-MGWeCuPXlqelz77hrD6hbMaW7K3dDkQIpRa0u8t7_GxYZitoWOab97jFCLSRCrpnyQyumsuK42V6nT-g92_l99-R0PRCu4zb9ufWYC893IDrahKKuHlpZ_QDKUBOyJeC0/s249/download%20(2).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="202" data-original-width="249" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyiwnstPEUlrrK7ZnONkC8G5DSSyGhDvK527lNYloGK58IvvHnD6T5b2itb-MGWeCuPXlqelz77hrD6hbMaW7K3dDkQIpRa0u8t7_GxYZitoWOab97jFCLSRCrpnyQyumsuK42V6nT-g92_l99-R0PRCu4zb9ufWYC893IDrahKKuHlpZ_QDKUBOyJeC0/s1600/download%20(2).jpg" width="249" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzqnA-3JouIYiEZ7hsXbRZI5O3Y3XN8jE5g9Rse4babEF0T4zoUy1smWNAQMUN5I3crliuc8tQ8lWfjcABpfknlhRYbrXX0GsO1p22FkLYG_mWnFT7u39gDKZvtF69l0M8ikNaXZ1VboZxnrp_n1ISJcKlHYz1B0HZ92PX94CZp0R-btgxHawiHhLV9oI/s701/CajalChiasmTheory.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="701" data-original-width="476" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzqnA-3JouIYiEZ7hsXbRZI5O3Y3XN8jE5g9Rse4babEF0T4zoUy1smWNAQMUN5I3crliuc8tQ8lWfjcABpfknlhRYbrXX0GsO1p22FkLYG_mWnFT7u39gDKZvtF69l0M8ikNaXZ1VboZxnrp_n1ISJcKlHYz1B0HZ92PX94CZp0R-btgxHawiHhLV9oI/s320/CajalChiasmTheory.png" width="217" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">\<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh6KD5N6I3aODuhU0GLbJWwsQA3rjSNO7xIbOs0tQYbZVwC31tYDUDpxcVPbpOFiSvnmJvjaelqCHrNqMiNrkVe6oTzK_lb6HANdJY-MsFxiatCyXAA5EUJnp4fQ3HtEvOofG-8BT4PQUSFV1cL2t9EGLfL-UuMgiwrzVGDsfVwA_VCg_yPxAH5iE4tAU/s225/images.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="225" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh6KD5N6I3aODuhU0GLbJWwsQA3rjSNO7xIbOs0tQYbZVwC31tYDUDpxcVPbpOFiSvnmJvjaelqCHrNqMiNrkVe6oTzK_lb6HANdJY-MsFxiatCyXAA5EUJnp4fQ3HtEvOofG-8BT4PQUSFV1cL2t9EGLfL-UuMgiwrzVGDsfVwA_VCg_yPxAH5iE4tAU/s1600/images.jpg" width="225" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">With affection,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Georgia",serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;"><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div>Ruben Vernalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/18367498900915476105noreply@blogger.com0