Michael Schumacher
German race
car driver
Also
known as: Schumi
Written
by editors of Britannica encyclopaedia
Last
Updated: Aug 11, 2024 • Article History
Quick
Facts
Byname:
Schumi
Born:
January 3, 1969, Hürth-Hermülhein, West Germany [now in Germany] (age 55)
Michael
Schumacher (born January 3, 1969, Hürth-Hermülhein, West Germany [now in
Germany]) is a German race-car driver who set records for the most Formula One
(F1) Grand Prix race victories (91, later broken by Lewis Hamilton) and F1
series championships (seven, later tied by Hamilton).
As a
youth, Schumacher became interested in go-kart racing, an enthusiasm that was
supported by his father’s management of a go-kart track. In 1984 and 1985 he
won the German junior karting championship, and in 1987 he captured the German
and European karting titles. The next year, at age 19, he left karting and
became a driver of Formula Three (F3) cars, vehicles that were less powerful
than the F1 racers. Two years later, in 1990, he won the German F3
championship.
In 1991
Schumacher moved up to F1 competition as a driver for the Jordan team. He
switched to Benetton the following year and won the drivers’ world championship
for that team in 1994 and 1995. Before the 1996 season he moved to the Ferrari
team and finished third in the championship standings. After suffering a broken
leg in a crash in 1999, Schumacher rebounded to win a third championship the
following year, which was Ferrari’s first drivers’ title since 1979. His 2000
win was the first in a string of five consecutive world championships
(2000–04), and his grand total of seven F1 titles broke Juan Manuel Fangio’s
record of five that had stood for nearly 50 years. In 2005 and 2006 he finished
in third and second place in the F1 standings, respectively.
Winners
of three or more consecutive F1 drivers’ championships
Juan
Manuel Fangio: 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957
Michael
Schumacher: 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004
Sebastian
Vettel: 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
Lewis
Hamilton: 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020
Max
Verstappen: 2021, 2022, 2023
This list
includes only consecutive championships, not all championships won by a driver.
Schumacher
retired at the end of the 2006 campaign to serve as a test driver and adviser
for Ferrari. At the time of his retirement, he had 91 F1 Grand Prix race
victories, which shattered the previous record of 51, held by French driver
Alain Prost. In December 2009 Schumacher announced that he would return to F1
for the 2010 season as a driver for the Mercedes team. He spent three seasons
with Mercedes, but he never won a race and never finished higher than eighth in
the overall F1 standings during his comeback, and he retired again in 2012.
While
Schumacher experienced unprecedented success on the track, he was also—through
a combination of winner’s purses and endorsements—one of the best-paid athletes
in the history of sport. His annual income was estimated at $100 million at the
peak of his career. Schumacher was also known for his charitable efforts. He
was named special ambassador for UNESCO in 2002 and made headlines for his $10
million donation to the relief effort for the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004.
In
December 2013 Schumacher fell while skiing in France and hit his head on a
rock. Despite his wearing a helmet at the time of the accident, he sustained a
significant brain injury and was placed in a medically induced coma until the
following June.
Michael Schumacher
3/1/1969
Source
historicracing
Record updated
03-Jan-07
Michael Schumacher
is the most successful F1 driver ever, winning the most victories, most
championship points and a record seven World Drivers' Championship Titles.
Schumacher began racing karts at the age of four and a half in a home-made kart
built by his father, Rolf Schumacher, who managed the local karting track
located in Kerpen, Schumacher's home town. He obtained his first license, and
began racing competitively, by the age of twelve. Between 1984 and 1987,
Michael won numerous German and European kart championships, including the
Formula Konig Series. In 1988, Schumacher raced in the Formula Ford series, and
over the next two years competed in the German Formula 3 series, winning the
title in 1990. In 1991, he continued his ascent up the racing ladder, joining
the Mercedes junior racing programme in the World Endurance Championship,
winning races in Mexico City and at Autopolis, at the wheel of a
Sauber-Mercedes C291. He also briefly competed in the Japanese Formula 3000
Championship and the German Touring Car Championship in the early 1990s.
1991
Schumacher made his Formula One debut at the 1991 Belgian Grand Prix as a
replacement driver for the imprisoned Bertrand Gachot (incarcerated for
spraying CS gas at a London taxicab-driver's face). Eddie Jordan signed Michael
to his Jordan team at the Belgian Grand Prix, after Michael assured Jordan that
he had vast experience in the challenging Spa circuit, with its brutal Eau
Rouge corner, despite the fact that he had only been around the track once -
and that was on a borrowed bicycle! Michael astonished everyone by qualifying
seventh, in his first competition in an F1 vehicle. He was quickly signed by
Benetton-Ford for the next race, and immediately showed great potential.
1992-1993
Schumacher consolidated as a revelation driver in F1 as he claimed his maiden
victory in the Belgian Grand Prix with Benetton Ford. in 1992 finishing third
in the final standings.
1993 was a year of great expectation for Benetton and Schumacher. The German
won one race but was not able to challenge for the World Title as the
superiority of the Benneton machine was not fully exploited. The year was once
again dominated by Williams and only Senna, in an inferior McLaren, was able to
regularly challenge Alain Prost, who had at his disposal the strongest package
in terms of engine, chassis and specially electronics. Nevertheless this was a
crucial year for developing the Bennetton machine as electronic launch and
traction controls were incorporated into an engine control unit (ECU).
1994
Schumacher won his first World Championship in 1994 while driving for Benetton
in an extremely controversial season marred by allegations of cheating and the
deaths of Ayrton Senna & Roland Ratzenberger at the San Marino Grand Prix at
Imola.
He won six of the first seven events. The raw speed of the Benetton was a
surprise to the other teams whom started allegations of cheating, claiming
Benetton had found a way to violate the ban on electronic aids that had been
imposed by the FIA, including Traction Control, Launch Control and specially
the adaptive suspension.
After Senna's death while leading the race at Imola, Damon Hill inherited the
responsibility of fighting for the World Championship. Hill struggled to keep
on pace with the Benetton with an inferior Williams, but due to several
disqualifications and bans for Schumacher, he began to close the gap in the
standings. Leading by a single point going into the final race in Australia,
Schumacher clinched the title after crashing into Hill, putting both drivers
out. He won the title thanks to that single point lead.
1995
For 1995, Schumacher stayed with Benetton, whom had switched to Renault
engines. He successfully defended his crown that season, accumulating 30 more
points than the second placed driver, who was once again Hill. With teammate
Johnny Herbert, he also helped Benetton win its first (and only) Constructors'
Championship. In 1994 and 1995, his two first championship seasons, Schumacher
won 17 races, achieved 21 podiums, and notched ten pole positions. During this
span of 31 grands prix, only once did he qualify worse than fourth position, at
the 1995 Belgium Grand Prix, where he started 16th on the grid but still
managed to win the race.
1996-1999
In 1996, Michael signed a contract with Ferrari, which at the time was a highly
risky move, given Ferrari's championship drought (the Italian giants had not
won a title since 1979). In his first year at the Scuderia, he wrung the neck
out of a very poor car and managed to finish 3rd in the driver's championship,
behind only the two Williams' drivers.
In 1997 he again took the title fight down to the last race, narrowly leading
the points for the drivers' title. Schumacher uncompromisely crashed into
Jacques Villeneuve's Williams Renault after this one attempted to overtake him
when the German left the door opened while braking in one of the curves of the
circuit of Jerez. Despite the Ferrari was litterally thrown into the side of
the Williams, it was the red car that ended on the gravel. A badly damaged
Williams was driven by the Canadian Villeneuve winning the world championship,
but despite the final result the German star was disqualified from the World
Championship and all his earned points were lost by means of his lack of sportmanship.
In 1998, there were tyre rule changes in Formula 1 and Bridgestone had the
upper hand on Goodyear. Also, McLaren emerged as the class of the field. It was
left for Schumacher to challenge the McLaren domination and the season went
down to the last race Schumacher won six races that year, the most memorable
one being in Hungary where he pitted three times and had to do a whole stint
lapping the Hungaroring circuit at qualifying speed, more than a second faster
than anyone else to make up ground on the McLarens. Despite the inferiority of
Ferrari, Schumacher pushed hard all the way until the final race in Japan,
where, after having set the pole position, he stalled on the grid and had to
start last then gaining lost ground in an amazing way but after a tyre
puncture, caused by running over on track debris, he retired granting the title
to Mika Hakkinen. Schumacher was not only stopped by bad luck but by David
Coulthard, the Hakkinen's team mate, who, whilst in the dispute of the heavy
rain affected 1998 Belgian Grand Prix, uncompromisely remained on the racing
line while having a punctured tyre then making Schumacher to collide into him
in the high speed pouhon curve ending his race and stripping him from vital
points.
After several rebuilding years, Schumacher helped Ferrari win the Constructors
title in 1999. However, his hopes for another Drivers' Championship were dashed
at that year's British Grand Prix, where he broke his leg, after what was said
had been a brake failure, causing him to exit the track while facing a high
speed corner crashing heavily into a tyre barrier then being unable to compete
for the next six races. After his return he even played second driver role to
his team mate Eddie Irvine in order to favor his team's ambition of conquering
a WDC, but once again they were beaten by Hakkinen in the Japanese Grand Prix
at Suzuka.
2000
After years of frustration and after having reunited the best engineers,
aerodynamicists and strategists, Ferrari finally gave Michael Schumacher the
opportunity to take yet another World Championship title, and Ferrari's first
since Jody Scheckter in 1979, after a thrilling year long battle with Mika
Häkkinen. The fight was very tied and went down once again to the final race in
Japan, this time, despite the early lead of Hakkinen who always had a better
start at Suzuka, Schumacher finally beat the Finnish driver from McLaren
Mercedes which caused celebrations from Tifosi around the globe.
2001
While en route to his fourth drivers title, he broke Alain Prost's record for
most grand prix wins. In a season which saw rival Mika Hakkinen performing at a
lower level, he had no major threats, just some victories from David Coulthard,
Mika Hakkinen and specially the Williams duo of his brother Ralf and Montoya with
whom had some in track moments.
2002
In a dominant year, he easily took his fifth Drivers' title (equalling the
record set by Juan Manuel Fangio) due to his driving talent and the sheer
dominance of his Ferrari machinery, which won 15 out of the 17 races that
season. Schumacher also broke Nigel Mansell's record of 9 race wins for most
victories in a season, scoring 11 and finishing every race on the podium. Again
just Williams's Ralf and McLaren Mercedes's Coulthard could take something from
the all conquering Ferrari, Montoya remained someone to battle with, finishing
third behind the two Ferraris and clinching 7 Pole positions with a special
qualifying car, which sometimes was as fast as the Ferrari, slowing
Schumacher's race for the other record he is close to reach, the 65-pole record
from Ayrton Senna.
2003
He broke Fangio's record by winning the Drivers' title for the sixth time in a
closely contested season.
The biggest threats once again came from the McLaren Mercedes and BMW
WilliamsF1team. His brother Ralf became a regular race contender and scored
some victories and more so Juan Pablo Montoya, who was a fierce competition on
track often taking the best of him, became a title contender in 2003 even
stronger than Kimi Räikkönen as he had at his disposal the class of the field
for some part of the world championship and scored a couple of victories, but
Ferrari reacted from the Italian Grand Prix onwards and gained a slight car
advantage allowing the German to win two more and decisive races. After Montoya
was penalized in the US GP he was out of the title contention then it was just
the Finnish driver Kimi Räikkönen who was left, who, after brilliant and
constant performances, in an inferior car, and after having benefited by an
indulgent system of points, had mathematical changes until the final race
although he had just a single victory to his credit, compared to Schumacher's
six.
2004
Schumacher started off the championship with typical domination, winning a
record twelve of the first thirteen races of the season. He clinched the
seventh drivers title of his unequalled F1 career where it all began for him —
at the Belgian Grand Prix. Scuderia Ferrari, and in particular Bridgestone had
been the key as the tyre was far away the superior to Michelin over the season.
He would finish the season with a record 148 points.
2005
The 2005 season was a struggle for Schumacher, as the Ferrari package was far
from ideal specially their, in past years dominant and now inferior,
Bridgestone tyres. Very soon in the year the German ace admitted he no longer
had opportunities of fighting for the title. Despite this, Schumacher had some
moments most notable his fight with Fernando Alonso in the San Marino GP and a
pole in Hungary and ultimateley and most importantly he finished third in the
World Championship standings, above Juan Pablo Montoya, with an inferior car.
But his unsolit victory in the United States Grand Prix, which he almost
certainly would not have won without the withdrawal of 14 cars due to Michelin's
tyre problems, and the lessions, mechanical problems and other in-track issues
for the Colombian are needed to be taken in consideration.
On September 25th, 2005, and after ruling Formula One as its champion for 1,813
consecutive days, Michael finally relinquished his crown to Fernando Alonso of
Spain.
There were lots of on-track problems for the German including collisions with
Takuma Sato and Mark Webber and of special note during the course of the
weekend of the Chinese Grand Prix, which has proven a total disaster for him as
he made all type of errors a driver can make. First he changed lines, while
attemping to warm-up the tyres during the formation lap, causing the Minardi of
Christijan Albers to smash heavly the rear and left sides of the Ferrari, thus
having to start from the pit lane. During a neutralization lost control and
spun off concluding in this way his, perhaps, worst season so far.
2006 would become the last season of Schumacher's racing career. Although he
did better than in 2005, it still was not enough and he lost the title to
Fernando Alonso in the last race of the season. After three races, he had 11
points and was already 17 points behind Alonso. He won the two following races,
which were his first wins in 18 months barring the boycott-marred 2005 United
States Grand Prix. His pole position at San Marino was his 66th, breaking
Ayrton Senna's 12 year old record. By the Canadian Grand Prix, the ninth race
of the season he was 25 points behind Alonso, but the three wins that followed helped
him reduce his disadvantage to 11. After two races where his advantage was
increased by one point, the victories in Italy and China made him the leader of
the championship for the only time during the season. Although he and Alonso
had the same points, Schumacher was in front because he had won more races. A
series of misfortunes and problems would come and make him lose the title.
The Japanese Grand Prix saw Schumacher retiring after his first engine failure
in five years with only 16 laps to go while leading the track. Alonso, who was
behind him, would go on to win the race and almost the Championship, by getting
a 10 point advantage before the last race of the season. The only way
Schumacher could win the championship was if he won the race and if Alonso did
not manage to score a single point. Schumacher himself conceded the title to
Alonso after the race.
In the last race, the Brazilian Grand Prix, Schumacher finished fourth. Before
the race he was awarded a trophy by football legend Pelé for his years of
dedication to F1. During the qualifying session, he managed to get the best
time of all drivers in the first two sessions, but a fuel pressure problem
prevented him from completing a single lap during the third part, forcing him
to start tenth. Schumacher managed to push forward early to 6th. However, after
overtaking Giancarlo Fisichella, teammate of Fernando Alonso, on lap 9,
Schumacher experienced a puncture caused by the front wing of Fisichella's car.
Schumacher pitted and consequently fell to the 19th position and 70 seconds off
team mate and race leader Felipe Massa. He managed to regain positions and
challenge Fisichella and Räikkönen subsequently overtaking them to secure 4th
place and setting fastest lap after fastest lap on the way. His performance at
the last race of his career was classified in the press as an "heroic
display", a "utterly breath-taking drive" and a
"performance that sums up his career".
Controversy
Since the 1994 death of Ayrton Senna, Schumacher has been widely regarded as
the fastest driver in F1 and the most dominant driver of his era. However, his
career has at times been controversial, with some commentators questioning his
poor sportsmanship and driving tactics and the apparent standing team orders
which would require his team mates to play a subservient role.
There's also some speculation FIA has taken more decisions favoring
Ferrari/Michael Schumacher than otherwise. The 1994's incident with Damon Hill
is a good example. Of course this holds little or no water at all, since there
have been several FIA changes of rules over the past few years, mainly
targeting Schumacher's and Ferrari's domination. In 2003, the FIA introduced
the one-engine-per-weekend rule, which severely affected Ferrari, because they
had already completed the design of their car using a larger than ever
wheelbase and they also had to do away with their engine/gearbox compact
project. In 2005, the FIA introduced the one-set-of-tyres-per-race rule, which
played right into the hands of the numerous Michelin teams, and was the main
cause of Ferrari's fall from grace.
Driving Tactics
For those who question his driving style the two most often quoted incidents
are the previously mentioned 1994 Australian Grand Prix crash with Damon Hill
and the 1997 European Grand Prix crash with Jacques Villeneuve. It is widely
regarded that he deliberately crashed with Villeneuve during the 1997 European
Grand Prix. However it should be noted that Michael drove in the same manner as
the man he succeeded. Ayrton Senna was guilty of similar incidents in final
races with his nemesis Alain Prost.
In the 1994 Australian Grand Prix Schumacher was leading Damon Hill, but just
barely; if Hill had won the race, he would have won that year's World
Championship. During the race Schumacher made an error and ran wide, which led
to an overtaking maneuver by Hill into the subsequent corner. Schumacher turned
into the corner and collided with Hill, in the process crashing into the
barriers and breaking Hill's front left suspension. Both cars were removed from
the race, which was eventually won by Nigel Mansell, who was too far behind in
the points to challenge Schumacher's title lead. In this case it was judged a
racing incident and Schumacher took his first title. Although this accident was
the deciding event of the 1994 championship, Schumacher at that point had the
right to close the door and stick to his racing line; as many F1 pundits noted,
Hill should have been aware of Schumacher's injured car and should have waited
for a better opportunity to pass. It is important to note that without
Schumacher receiving 2 race bans and 2 race disqualifications, the race title
would have never been closely matched.
Although it could always be argued (these sporting situations are always subjective...)
that Michael ran wide, as did Hill interfering with Schumacher's recovering
line and the collision was deemed a 'racing incident'. It is also worth
clarifying that the FIA conducted a full investigation into the 'Hill' incident
before announcing an outcome.
During the 1997 European Grand Prix Schumacher was leading the race and was
followed by Villeneuve. In a similar situation to 1994 a win for either driver
would guarantee him the World Championship. Villeneuve attempted to overtake
Schumacher, who then collided with the Canadian in what the FIA finally judged
to be dangerous driving. Although Schumacher's car was knocked out of the race,
Villeneuve went on to finish third, behind Mika Häkkinen and David Coulthard,
who were too far behind in the points to challenge Villeneuve for the
Championship. Schumacher was stripped of his second place in the World
Championship final standings (with Heinz-Harald Frentzen moving from third to
second), while retaining his results and points for the season, in a bizarre
and unprecedented decision that was widely criticized as representing no real
punishment at all.
Team Orders
Schumacher in the Paddock at the USGP in 2002During Schumacher's reign of
consecutive World Championships many fans were put off by his dominance of F1
and there was particular attention paid to how Schumacher and his Ferrari
teammate Rubens Barrichello were swapping finishes to engineer specific changes
in the World Championship.
A good example of this was the 2002 Austrian Grand Prix where Ferrari ordered
Barrichello, who was leading the race, to move over for Schumacher to take the
win. This led to a poor reception on the podium where an embarrassed Schumacher
ushered Barrichello onto the top step. The result was a ban on team orders and
a $1 million fine for Ferrari ($500,000 to be paid immediately, with the
remainder remitted subject to "good behaviour" during the next 12
months). Nevertheless, team orders are at times practiced by many teams and can
be executed discreetly, despite team orders were officially banned by the FIA ,
but have been openly used, even during 2005 Formula One Season by Renault and
McLaren. But Schumacher has also played the game in benefit of his team-mates
when necessary. An example of this is the 1999 Malaysian Grand Prix where
Schumacher gifted victory to then teammate Eddie Irvine to give him a chance of
winning the world championship.
It has also been argued that unlike some of the great drivers of the past,
Schumacher has not had much of a challenge from within the team. During much of
his time at Benetton he was consistently dominant over his team mates, and
since moving to Ferrari, his team has guaranteed he is given a clear Number 1
status. Furthermore, his dominance over his team-mates spans across his
14-years career, including Brundle, Irvine, Barrichello, Verstappen, JJ Lehto
and Herbert. This dominance was much more evident in qualifying, where
team-orders do not apply. In the early years of his career, when cars were more
difficult to handle because of the lack of the sophisticated electronics and TC
systems, Schumacher was often 1,5 seconds on average faster than his
team-mates, over an entire season, sometimes more.
In more recent years, however, his success with Ferrari, moderation of his on-track
tactics, and a more relaxed public persona have rehabilitated Schumacher's
image for most fans, although the collisions with Hill and Villeneuve have not
been forgotten by many Formula one fans, who usually are quick to point out
poor sportsmanship.
As of the end of the 2006 Formula One Season, Michael Schumacher holds the
following F1 records:
1.
Championship titles 7
2.
Consecutive titles 5
3.
Race victories 91
4.
Consecutive wins 7 (2004, Europe -
Hungary)
5.
Wins with one team 72 (Ferrari)
6.
Wins at same GP 8 (France)
7.
Wins at different GPs 20
8.
Most Time between first and last wins
14 years, 1 month and 2 days
9.
Second places 43
10.
Podiums (Top 3) 154
11.
Consecutive podium finishes 19 (US 2001
- Japan 2002)
12.
Points finishes 190
13.
Laps leading 4741 (22,155 km)
14.
Pole positions 68
15.
Front row starts 115
16.
Fastest laps 76
17.
Doubles (Pole and win) 40
18.
Hat trick (Pole, fastest lap and win)
22
19.
Championship points 1,369
20.
Consecutive race finishes 24 (Hungary
2001 - Malaysia 2003)
21.
Points in a season for vice-champion
121 (From 180)
22.
Wins in a season for vice-champion* 7
23.
Races for same car and engine builder
180 (Ferrari)
24.
Wins at Indy (Any racing class) 5
25.
Wins at Monza (Any racing class) 5
26.
Wins in a season 13 (2004)
27.
Fastest laps in a season* 10 (2004)
28.
Points scored in a season 148 (2004)
29.
Podium finishes in a season 17 (2002)
30.
Championship won with most races left 6
(2002)
31.
Consecutive years with a win 15
32.
With
affection,
Ruben
