Short Biography:
Jose Marti
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| Jose Marti |
He was born in Havana, when Cuba was still under Spanish rule, on
January 28, 1853. He was the son of Don Marino Marti and Navarro and of Mrs.
Leonor Pérez and Cabrera. It was called José Julian.
In 1865 he entered the Municipal Superior School and then the Colegio de San Carlos. In 1869 he was sentenced to prison for six years, for having published writings considered seditious (in them he called a traitor a fellow student who had enlisted as a volunteer in the Spanish Army). The exile to Spain was the result of the commutation of the sentence. In that country he studied at the Universities of Madrid and Zaragoza, culminating his studies in Law and Philosophy and Letters.
It dates from that time "The Political Prison in Cuba", where the Spanish government was the subject of criticism for its cruelty and rudeness.
After returning to Cuba, and being banished again to Spain, he married in 1877 with
Carmen de Zayas Bazán who made him father of Ismael, inspirer of many of his verses.
He moved to New York in 1880 and there he wrote in some newspapers, such as "The Sun" and the magazine "The Tour". Later he wrote for the newspaper "La Nación", of Buenos Aires (Argentina). He was Consul of Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, but his heart forced him to fight for the liberation of his homeland, and founded the Revolutionary Committee.
Along with Generals Máximo Gómez and Antonio Macero, he embarked on his way to Cuba to fight. He landed on the island in 1895, and died at the hands of the Spanish forces , on May 19 of that same year.
He was a great speaker and journalist, an exhibitor of modernism.
In 1865 he entered the Municipal Superior School and then the Colegio de San Carlos. In 1869 he was sentenced to prison for six years, for having published writings considered seditious (in them he called a traitor a fellow student who had enlisted as a volunteer in the Spanish Army). The exile to Spain was the result of the commutation of the sentence. In that country he studied at the Universities of Madrid and Zaragoza, culminating his studies in Law and Philosophy and Letters.
It dates from that time "The Political Prison in Cuba", where the Spanish government was the subject of criticism for its cruelty and rudeness.
After returning to Cuba, and being banished again to Spain, he married in 1877 with
Carmen de Zayas Bazán who made him father of Ismael, inspirer of many of his verses.
He moved to New York in 1880 and there he wrote in some newspapers, such as "The Sun" and the magazine "The Tour". Later he wrote for the newspaper "La Nación", of Buenos Aires (Argentina). He was Consul of Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay, but his heart forced him to fight for the liberation of his homeland, and founded the Revolutionary Committee.
Along with Generals Máximo Gómez and Antonio Macero, he embarked on his way to Cuba to fight. He landed on the island in 1895, and died at the hands of the Spanish forces , on May 19 of that same year.
He was a great speaker and journalist, an exhibitor of modernism.
He innovated in terms of rhythms,
accents and nuances, enunciating critical contents about literature and the art
of the moment.
Along with Rubén Darío, (Nicaragua), Julián del Casal (Cuba), Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera (Mexico) and José Asunción Silva (Colombia), is considered to be the initiator of the Hispano-American modernist movement.
He wrote about travel chronicles, art criticism, plays, such as "Patria y Libertad" (Indian drama in two acts), "Abdala" (a piece in eight scenes written at sixteen), "Amor con amor pays" (an act). He also wrote a novel: "Amor pester", and numerous poems that he collected in several short volumes: "Ismaelito" (1882), "Versos sencillos" published in 1891. This could be considered his most finished work. Poems such as "La rosa blanca" and "La niña de Guatemala" are included in this Anthology. "Versos libres", was published in 1913 by Gonzalo de Quesada de Oróstegui, in Volume IX of the Complete Works. It is a strong and hard poetry, qualified by its own author as written "not with academic ink, but with one's own blood".
Selections of his poems were published twice, with a prologue and notes by Rubén Darío.
As a journalist he introduced in 1882 absolutely modernist techniques, synesthesia, and harmony and elaborates metaphors. He created what he called Max Heriquez, the artistic prose.
Along with Rubén Darío, (Nicaragua), Julián del Casal (Cuba), Manuel Gutiérrez Nájera (Mexico) and José Asunción Silva (Colombia), is considered to be the initiator of the Hispano-American modernist movement.
He wrote about travel chronicles, art criticism, plays, such as "Patria y Libertad" (Indian drama in two acts), "Abdala" (a piece in eight scenes written at sixteen), "Amor con amor pays" (an act). He also wrote a novel: "Amor pester", and numerous poems that he collected in several short volumes: "Ismaelito" (1882), "Versos sencillos" published in 1891. This could be considered his most finished work. Poems such as "La rosa blanca" and "La niña de Guatemala" are included in this Anthology. "Versos libres", was published in 1913 by Gonzalo de Quesada de Oróstegui, in Volume IX of the Complete Works. It is a strong and hard poetry, qualified by its own author as written "not with academic ink, but with one's own blood".
Selections of his poems were published twice, with a prologue and notes by Rubén Darío.
As a journalist he introduced in 1882 absolutely modernist techniques, synesthesia, and harmony and elaborates metaphors. He created what he called Max Heriquez, the artistic prose.
With
affection,
Rubén
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