José Olaya Balandra
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José Olaya |
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Portrait by José Gil de Castro |
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Born |
1782 |
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Died |
June 29, 1823 (aged 40–41) |
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Nationality |
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José Silverio Olaya Balandra (1789 – June 29, 1823) was a Peruvian hero in the Peruvian War of Independence.[1]
Biography
The son of Jose Apolinario Olaya and Cordoba and doña Melchora Balandra.[2] He had 11 siblings. In the struggle for the independence of Peru, the hero acted as secret emissary carrying messages between the Government of Callao and Lima Patriots by swimming. He was discovered, arrested and subjected to torture and sentenced to death. Despite the torture, he never revealed his mission and willingly swallowed the letters assigned to the mission. The independence of Peru, first declared in Huaura in November 1820 and July 28, 1821 in Lima, had become effective only in Lima and in the north, but Cuzco, the central highlands and south were still under the rule of the royal army.
When José de San Martín recognized the little support given to political and military forces, he resigned from the Constituent Congress of Peru, 1822. The congress appointedJosé de la Riva Agüero as President of the Republic and Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro as Congress President. The royal army, taking advantage of the fact that the patriotic troops were far away, took Lima and members of Congress took refuge in the Real Felipe Fortress in Callao. It is at this stage that José Olaya, a fisherman by trade, did not hesitate to serve as a link between the ships of the squadron Liberator (formed by units of the Republic of Chile) and the soldiers of the patriotic forces (Argentina, Chile and Peru) located in Lima, even if it meant walking across fields and swimming in the sea.
Imprisoned by the royal army, he was tortured in order to obtain information about the patriotic forces. José Olaya Balandra was not frightened of pain. He suffered two hundred lashes of the whip and two hundred beatings with sticks, not yielding even after they tore out his nails. Finally, on the morning of June 29, 1823 he uttered the phrase:
If I had a thousand lives, I would give all of them for my nation.
Si tuviera mil vidas, todas ellas las daría por mi patria.[3]
And then was shot in the passage of the Plaza Mayor of Lima. Now there is a street called Pasaje Olaya.
With affection,
Ruben
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